ZnO粉体的两种不同制备途径

本文用沉淀法和气相沉积法两种方法制备了ZnO粉体，对所得样品用粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和红外吸收光谱(IR)进行了鉴定和表征，初步探讨了气相沉积法制备的ZnO微粒的生长机理，并对所用的两种制备方法作了简要的比较。     

聚乙二醇作造孔剂制备大孔溶胶凝胶生物活性玻璃

Two kinds of macroporous bioglasses were prepared via sol suspension and precipitate using Polyethylene Glycol particles as pore former. The samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), BET, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Intrusion Mercury Porosimetry, mechanical strength test and in vitro bioactivity test. These glasses exhibited a hierarchical structure with interconnected macropores (10～300 μm) and mesopores (2～50 nm) framework. In vitro tests showed that the samples had excellent bioactivity. The samples derived from precipitate showed better macroporous structure and much higher mechanical strength.     

纳米Sb2O3的制备与性能研究

由于Sb2O3是一种性能优良的无机阻燃剂,并与卤素阻燃剂有很好的协效作用[1],1998年,全球用于阻燃的Sb2O3达80kt以上,占阻燃剂总耗量的7%[2]。但由于其本身的极性特点,加入到纤维、塑料等高分子材料中,材料的力学性能受到很大损失[3],因此对传统的微米级的Sb2O3进行超细、表面处     

CaTiO3纳米粉体溶胶-凝胶法合成、表征及介电特性

采用无机盐溶胶-凝胶法制备了CaTiO₃纳米粉体，采用TG-DTA、XRD、TEM等技术进行了表征，并探讨了CaTiO₃纳米粉体烧结特性及介电效应。结果表明，干凝胶800 ℃低温煅烧可获得粒径分布较窄、平均粒径为60～70 nm的单相CaTiO₃纳米粉。纳米CaTiO₃粉具有较大的比表面积，使作为粉体烧结驱动力的表面能剧增，促使CaTiO₃在1 200 ℃实现致密烧结，比固相法制备的微米粉烧结降低100～200 ℃，且具有较宽的烧结温区。与微米级粉体烧结体介电特性相比，纳米粉具有更高的Q_f值。纳米CaTiO₃粉制备的陶瓷在1 250 ℃烧结2 h，获得优良的介电性能：ε_r=172，Q_f=4 239 GHz，τ_f=+7.68 × 10^-4 ℃^-1。     

聚合物-金属纳米复合材料的制备与应用

综述了聚合物-金属纳米复合材料的制备方法，包括原位形成法、沉积法、离子注入法、辐射化学法、光照化学法、直接分散法、球磨法；介绍了聚合物．金属纳米复合材料的应用领域，最后展望了这种材料的发展前景。     

纳米PbSnO3的制备及其燃烧催化性能的研究

Nanocomposite PbSnO₃was synthesized by coprecipitation method , and its phase evolution process was investigated. The particle size, crystal form, and phase of samples were determined with XRD, TEM and EDS. The catalytic actiyity of sample on the thermal decomposition of RDX was investigated by DSC. The results show that nanocomposite PbSnO₃with the diameter of 9 nm can be obtained by calcining at 600 ℃ for 2 h, which crystal is cubic (pyrochlore type). The catalytic actiyity of nanocomposite PbSnO₃on the thermal decomposition of RDX is much higher than that of normal PbSnO₃. The nanocomposite PbSnO₃can decrease the peak temperature of thermal decomposition of RDX from 240.1 ℃ to 236.5 ℃, and the decomposition enthalpy ΔH of RDX increases 722 J·g^-1 （about 70%）.     

铽(III)掺杂TiO2纳米材料相转移和光催化性质研究

以无水丁二醇为溶剂在中性条件下用溶胶凝胶法制备了系列Tb~(3+)(x=0. 0025～0.07)均匀掺杂的二氧化钛纳米材料。研究结果表明，Tb~(3+)掺杂对纳米二 氧化钛的相转移有很强的抑制作用。这种抑制作用的强弱与Tb~(3+)掺杂的浓度有 密切关系，Tb~(3+)(x = 0.02)的掺杂对TiO_2锐钛矿(anatase)向金红石(rutile) 转化的抑制作用最强。伴随着发生相转移温度的提高，掺杂纳米二氧化钛材料的高 温烧结大大缓解，掺杂纳米TiO_2的热稳定性明显增强；掺杂浓度越高，热稳定性 提高越大。对罗丹明的光降解实验表明，Tb~(3+)掺杂可以有效提高TiO_2光催化活 性。对不同浓度、不同煅烧温度样品光催化降解活性进行系统考察后发现，Tb~ (3+)(x=0.02)掺杂的样品在不同煅烧温度下均显示出最好的光催化效率，说明掺杂 浓度对其光催化性质影响很大。用浸渍法制备的样品其光催化活性较纯的二氧化钛 低，并且其催化活性随浸渍浓度的增加而降低，表明稀土离子的分布是影响稀土掺 杂纳米TiO_2光催化性质的主要因素之一。     

A ONE-STEP SURFACE MODIFICATION PROCEDURE TO PEG-GRAFTED NANO-TITANIA

PEG （Polyethylene Glycol）-grafted nano-titania has been obtained in a one-step procedure using hexamethylene diisocyanate as the coupling agent and dibutyltin dilaurate as the catalyst in toluene at 80℃ and characterized qualitatively by FTIR and quantitatively by elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. A comparison of nano-titania with two other commonly used inorganic nanoparticles, nano-silica and nano-alumina, is made, revealing that reactivity order is nano- silica 〉 nano-alumina 〉 nano-titania in view of PEG grafting. Possible mechanism of PEG grafting is also discussed.     

高分散纳米二氧化钛混合晶体的合成、结构与光催化性能

Using TiCl₄ and urea as the raw materials and nanometric carbon black as plate, nanometric mix-crystals of rutile and anatase TiO₂ were prepared at 100 ℃ for 10～180 min by homogeneous precipitation method. The effects of pH on the ratio of nanometer TiO₂ mix-crystals were also discussed. TEM measurement indicates that the TiO₂ is spherical particles, and the average diameter of the particles is 20 nm. XRD and TG-DTA were also used to characterize the nanometer mix-crystal materials. The photocatalytic experiment show that the mix-crystal material has the best photocatalytic reactivity. After being irradiated under the sunlight for 40 min, the compound can completely degrade the acid-red 3R.     

立方介孔相含钇氧化硅的合成与表征

以低浓度的十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为结构导向剂,在碱性条件下通过水热法合成了具有立方结构的含钇Y MCM 48介孔分子筛材料。XRD测试表明当Y/Si<0.05时可以获得典型的长程有序介孔立方结构相,随Y/Si比的增加,晶胞参数的增大和红外吸收光谱(FTIR)的变化为Y进入介孔分子筛骨架中提供了有力证据。N2吸附-脱附实验给出这种立方介孔材料的BET表面积为1180m2·g-1,BJH平均孔径为3.4nm。紫外 可见漫反射光谱(UV vis)证明钇以一种六配位的形式存在。X射线光电子能谱(XPS)进一步证明钇以三价形式存在于立方介孔分子筛骨架中。