近地面三阵子天线估计电磁波到达角和极化参数

从自由空间中的三阵子天线求入射电磁波极角和方位角的基本原理出发, 结合电场各个分量与极化方式之间的关系给出了左手极化波计算波达角的公式, 及地球表面上方三阵子天线判断入射波极化方向的方法; 本文提出了一种新颖的滤除地面反射波的方法, 保证了波达角的求解精度; 利用获得的高精度的波达角和测得的电场强度, 计算出了电磁波的各种极化参数, 这些极化参数可以作为电离层研究和电磁波在电离层中传播研究的参考. 关键词： 地球表面 三阵子天线 波达角 极化参数     

晶体硅太阳电池表面纳米线阵列减反射特性研究

为增强晶体硅太阳电池的光利用率, 提高光电转换效率, 研究了硅纳米线阵列的光学散射性质. 运用严格耦合波理论对硅纳米线阵列在310—1127 nm波段的反射率进行了模拟计算, 用田口方法对硅纳米线阵列的表面传输效率进行了优化. 结果表明, 当硅纳米线阵列的周期为50 nm, 占空比为0.6, 高度约1000 nm时减反射效果最佳; 该结构在上述波段的平均反射率约为2%, 且在较大入射角度范围保持不变. 采用金属催化化学腐蚀法, 于室温、室压条件下在单晶硅表面制备周期为60 nm,占空比为0.53, 高度为500 nm的硅纳米线阵列结构, 其反射率的实验测试结果与计算模拟值相符, 在上述波段的平均反射率为4%—5%, 相对于单晶硅35%左右的反射率, 减反射效果明显. 这种减反射微结构能够在降低太阳电池成本的同时有效减小单晶硅表面的光反射损失, 提高光电转换效率.     

基于三线结构光的大型圆柱工件直径测量系统

针对工业上一些无法正对待测端面安装相机的直径测量场景,设计了一种由3个激光投线器、1个成像透镜及1个面阵CMOS相机组成的圆柱工件直径测量系统,放置于地面上倾斜投影并成像。搭建了测量系统,从图像中获得亚像素端点坐标,代入标定方程解算世界坐标,并通过几何模型计算待测直径。实验结果表明,该系统能在设计待测值附近准确测量工件的端面直径,测量精度在±0.1 mm以内,满足工业测量高精度要求。     

数值模拟微米粒子的体全息记录与再现

体全息对小粒子记录及再现的影响关系到体全息材料在粒子场检测领域的应用前景,提出结合角谱传播理论与多光栅耦合波理论进行体全息图衍射分析的方法,并数值模拟了微米量级小粒子衍射光场的体全息记录与再现。数值分析结果表明体全息理论并不能像薄全息理论那样精确的再现出原始物光。其再现光场的角谱分布相对于原始光场存在高阶衰减,这使得再现光场成像后的图像边缘模糊,而且模糊程度还会随着粒子尺寸的下降逐渐上升。虽然这一现象为粒子边缘判读带来困难,但是再现图像的径向强度分布可为提高判断精度提供有益的参考。     

Extraction and verification of coherent structures in near-wall turbulence

According to the characteristics of coherent structures in near-wall turbulence, an accurate extraction and verification method is developed based on wavelet transform (WT) and correlation analysis in this paper. At first, the fluid field of a turbulent boundary layer is measured precisely in a gravitational low-speed water tunnel. On the basis of the distribution of the coherent structures, velocity data of three test points are selected and analyzed, whose dimensionless heights are 20.8, 33.5, and 42.6. According to the frequency range of power spectrum density (PSD), coherent and incoherent structures are both extracted from the original signals using continuous and orthogonal wavelet transforms. To confirm the validity of the extracted signals, the probability density function (PDF) of each extracted signal is calculated. The result demonstrates that the incoherent structures obey the Gaussian distribution, while the coherent structures deviate from the Gaussian distribution. The PDFs of the coherent structures and the original signals are similar, which shows that the coherent structures make most contributions to the turbulence. For further verification, a correlation parameter between coherent and incoherent structures is defined, which evidently proves the validity of the extraction method in this paper.     

Exact solutions of （3＋1）-dimensional nonlinear incompressible non-hydrostatic Boussinesq equations

The symmetries and the exact solutions of the (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear incompressible non-hydrostatic Boussinesq (INHB) equations, which describe atmospheric gravity waves, are studied in this paper. The calculation on symmetry shows that the equations are invariant under the Galilean transformations, the scaling transformations, and the space-time translations. Three types of symmetry reduction equations and similar solutions for the (3+1)-dimensional INHB equations are proposed. Traveling and non-traveling wave solutions of the INHB equations are demonstrated. The evolutions of the wind velocities in latitudinal, longitudinal, and vertical directions with space-time are demonstrated. The periodicity and the atmosphere viscosity are displayed in the (3+1)-dimensional INHB system.     

Metallic nanowires for subwavelength waveguiding and nanophotonic devices

Plasmonics is a rapidly developing field concerning light manipulation at the nanoscale with many potential applications, of which plasmonic circuits are promising for future information technology. Plasmonic waveguides are fundamental elements for constructing plasmonic integrated circuits. Among the proposed different plasmonic waveguides, metallic nanowires have drawn much attention due to the highly confined electromagnetic waves and relatively low propagation loss. Here we review the recent research progress in the waveguiding characteristics of metallic nanowires and nanowire-based nanophotonic devices. Plasmon modes of both cylindrical and pentagonal metallic nanowires with and without substrate are discussed. Typical methods for exciting and detecting the plasmons in metallic nanowires are briefly summarized. Because of the multimode characteristic, the plasmon propagation and emission in the nanowire have many unique properties, benefiting the design of plasmonic devices. A few nanowire-based devices are highlighted, including quarter-wave plate, Fabry-Prot resonator, router and logic gates.     

A planar chiral nanostructure with asymmetric transmission of linearly polarized wave and huge optical activity in near-infrared band

Just like an electronic diode that allows the electrical current to flow in one direction only, a kind of chiral metamaterial structure with a similar functionality for the electromagnetic wave is proposed. The designed nanostructure that consists of twisted metallic split-ring resonators on both sides of a dielectric substrate achieves asymmetric transmission for a forward and backward propagating linearly polarized wave by numerical simulation in near-infrared band. Difference in transmission efficiency of the optimized structure between the same polarized waves incident from opposite directions can reach a maximum at the communication wavelength （1.55 μm）. Moreover, the simulation results of this structure also exhibit strong optical activity and circular dichroism.     

A novel slotted helix slow-wave structure for high power Ka-band traveling-wave tubes

A novel slotted helix slow-wave structure （SWS） is proposed to develop a high power, wide-bandwidth, and high reliability millimeter-wave traveling-wave tube （TWT）. This novel structure, which has higher heat capacity than a conven- tional helix SWS, evolves from conventional helix SWS with three parallel rows of rectangular slots made in the outside of the helix tape. In this paper, the electromagnetic characteristics and the beam-wave interaction of this novel structure operating in the Ka-band are investigated. From our calculations, when the designed beam voltage and beam current are set to be 18.45 kV and 0.2 A, respectively, this novel circuit can produce over 700-W average output power in a frequency range from 27.5 GHz to 32.5 GHz, and the corresponding conversion efficiency values vary from 19% to 21.3%, and the maximum output power is 787 W at 30 GHz.