Numerical simulation of soft palate movement and airflow in human upper airway by fluid-structure interaction method

In this paper, the authors present airflow field characteristics of human upper airway and soft palate movement attitude during breathing. On the basis of the data taken from the spiral computerized tomography images of a healthy person and a patient with Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome (OSAHS), three-dimensional models of upper airway cavity and soft palate are reconstructed by the method of surface rendering. Numerical simulation is performed for airflow in the upper airway and displacement of soft palate by fluid-structure interaction analysis. The reconstructed three-dimensional models precisely preserve the original configuration of upper airways and soft palate. The results of the pressure and velocity distributions in the airflow field are quantitatively determined, and the displacement of soft palate is presented. Pressure gradients of airway are lower for the healthy person and the airflow distribution is quite uniform in the case of free breathing. However, the OSAHS patient remarkably escalates both the pressure and velocity in the upper airway, and causes higher displacement of the soft palate. The present study is useful in revealing pathogenesis and quantitative mutual relationship between configuration and function of the upper airway as well as in diagnosing diseases related to anatomical structure and function of the upper airway. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10672036, 10472025 and 10421002), the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (20032109). English text was polished by Yunming Chen.     

细胞呼吸爆发的微量量热学研究

The heat production of Wistar rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) was measured by an LKB 2277 Thermal Activity Monitor. When PMN were activited with phorbol-12-myristate13-acetate (PMA), the respiratory burst was recorded by greatly incr eased heat production. Experiment was also carred out in the present of the inhibitor, Total Flavonoids of Lycium Barbarum L. (TFL). The respiratory burst heat production peak was disappeared, but the heat production curve was higher than that of PMA because TFL increased the metabolic activities of PMN.     

NaN_3对玉米萌发过程中超弱光子辐射的影响

为了解读植物种子萌发过程中超弱光子辐射信息的生物学意义,采用呼吸抑制剂NaN3处理萌发玉米种子,跟踪测量和分析了玉米种子萌发过程中超弱光子辐射中自发光子辐射和外界光诱导的延迟光子辐射的变化规律,同时研究了萌发玉米种子鲜质量的变化.结果发现,NaN3同步抑制了萌发玉米自发光子辐射和鲜质量的增长,造成萌发玉米延迟光子辐射的初始光子数和延迟光子辐射积分强度大幅度降低,相干时间减小.机理分析表明,NaN3对呼吸代谢电子传递链的抑制造成的自由基反应减弱是萌发玉米自发光子辐射减小的原因,自发光子辐射强度可以作为玉米萌发状态的信号,延迟光子辐射动力学参数的大小可以表征萌发玉米呼吸代谢的强弱,相干时间是种子细胞组织序性的量度,通过对萌发种子超弱光子辐射的采集和分析可以实现对萌发种子细胞代谢和功能状态变化的灵敏和无损检测.     

洋葱碳基双极板制备及在PEMFCs中的应用

以甲烷为碳源，采用化学气相沉积(CVD)法制备了尺寸均匀(粒径在50～140 nm)的带有金属核心的纳米洋葱碳(CNOs)。通过微波加热对合成的CNOs进行纯化得到纯度为99%的洋葱碳材料，并作为双极板导电填料应用于质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFCs)电堆。通过CNOs的表征和分析表明，合成的CNOs中内嵌Fe-Ni纳米金属粒子。由接触角测试可知，注塑工艺制备的洋葱碳基双极板的润湿角低于91°,亲水性较商用石墨双极板有所改善，有利于电子的传输。经自呼吸电堆耐久性和功率测试发现，由洋葱碳基双极板组装的电堆在13.2 V下的输出功率达到58 W,比商业石墨双极板电堆输出功率(48 W)提高21%。研究证实洋葱碳基复合材料可以提高PEMFCs电堆的功率密度、效率及寿命。     

向列相液晶中强非局域空间光孤子传输的理论研究

对向列相液晶中非局域空间孤子的传输进行了理论研究.基于非线性液晶孤子传输方程，采用Gauss形式的试探解，不仅得到了空间孤子的解析解,而且还在临界功率附近得到了呼吸子的解析解.通过数值模拟证明我们的结果比Conti和Assanto等人的结果更合理.同时，对液晶中的非局域孤子模型和Snyder等提出的强非局域孤子模型进行了全面的比较. 关键词： 向列相液晶 空间孤子 非局域非线性 呼吸子     

华伯（Warburg，Otto Heinrich，1883—1970）德国生物化学家（Biochemist，Germany）

华伯因对细胞呼吸的研究而获1931年诺贝尔生理学和医学奖。他在20世纪20年代早期已研究活机体细胞内氧气消耗的过程，采用测压法以研究活组织切片的吸氧率，搞清了细胞色素的作用。1932年分离出第一种黄酶——参与细胞脱氢反应的黄索蛋白，发现黄酶是与一种非蛋白质成分（今称辅酶）黄素腺嘌呤二核苷协同起作用的。1935年发现另一种亦参与生物脱氢的辅酶（今称尼克酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷）的成分中包含尼克酰胺。     

向列相液晶中强非局域空间光孤子的实验观察

通过实验对向列相液晶中的非局域空间光孤子的传输进行了研究。理论上基于非线性的液晶孤子传输方程,采用高斯形式的试探解,得到了孤子传输的解析解,以及对液晶中的非局域孤子和Snyder等提出的强非局域孤子模型的结果进行了比较。实验上,观察了空间光孤子在向列相液晶中的传输,找到了不同束宽下空间光孤子的临界功率。比如束宽为2μm时临界功率为2.0mW。观察了向列相液晶中空间光孤子的弛豫过程,并注意到液晶分子的响应时间长达几秒钟,液晶中的孤子形成速度较慢。     

会聚光在柱状模拟生物组织中的实验研究

在中空的柱状有机玻璃中充入Intralipid-10%溶液构成单层圆柱模拟样品.在会聚单色光入射Intralipid-10%溶液的情况下，利用特制的光纤探头、锁相放大器、斩波器和微动平台等组成测试装置，测量了柱状Intralipid-10%溶液内后向散射光、能流率的空间分布情况，并对测量结果进行分析.对参量不同的溶液中的光分布进行了比较，得出了柱状溶液中光分布的初步规律.     

Existence and Stability of Compact-Like Discrete Breather in Discrete One-Dimensional Monatomic Chains

Compact-like discrete breathers in discrete one-dimensional monatomic chains are investigated by discussing a generalized discrete one-dimensional monatomic model. It is proven that compact-like discrete breathers exist not only in soft Ф^4 potential but also in hard Ф^4 potential and K4 chains. The measurements of compact-like discrete breathers＇ core in soft and hard Ф^4 potential are determined by coupling parameter K4, while the measurements of compact-like discrete breathers＇ core in K4 chains are not related to coupling parameter K4. The stabilities of compact-like discrete breathers correlate closely to coupling parameter K4 and the boundary condition of lattice.