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141.
Frank J. Millero 《Journal of solution chemistry》1973,2(1):1-22
The apparent equivalent volume V, expansibility E, and compressibility K of an artificial seawater solution containing10 ionic components (Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, K+, Sr2+, Cl–, SO
4
2–
, HCO
3
–
, Br–, and F–) and one nonionic component (H3BO3) has been determined from0 to40°C (in5° intervals) and from0.1 to0.8 m ionic strength at1 atm. The concentration dependence (Iv=volume ionic strength) of the V's, E's, and K's have been examined by using a Masson-type equation, = ° +S'I
V
1/2, and a Redlich-type equation, = ° +SI
V
1/2 +BI
V, where ° is the infinite-dilution value, S is the empirical Masson slope, S is the theoretical Debye-Hückel slope, and B is an empirical deviation constant. By using Young's rule, = Ei(i), the apparent equivalent volumes, expansibilities, and compressibilities for sea salt have been estimated from the ionic and nonionic components making up the mixture. The estimated apparent molal quantities agree very well with the directly measured values providing the concentration terms, S
i
and Bi, are weighted according to the methods of Wood and Reilly.Contribution Number 1599 from the University of Miami. 相似文献
142.
The effect of pressure on the dissociation constant of hydrofluoric acid was determined by using the indicator technique at 25°C at an ionic strength of 0.1m over a pressure range of 1 to 2000 atm. A value of 3.14 for pK
a
*
at I =0 was obtained by extrapolation to zero ionic strength at 1 atm. The pressure dependence yielded a partial molar volume change of –9.6 cm3-mol–1 and a compressibility change of — 35×10–3 cm3-mol–1 –atm–1 for the dissociation. The dependence of ionic strength on the association constant K
A
*
of NaF was studied at 25°C and 1 atm. Extrapolation to I=0 yielded a pK
A
*
of –0.78. The pressure dependence of K
A
*
gave a change of volume of 3.26 cm3-mol–1 and a change in compressibility of 6×10–3 cm3-mol–1-atm–1 for the formation of the ion pair. 相似文献
143.
An investigation of dynamic mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of housing materials for outdoor polymeric insulators 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The present paper reports the results about a study of mechanical, thermal, dynamic mechanical and electrical properties of housing (weather shed) materials for outdoor polymeric insulators. Silicone rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) and alloys of silicon-EPDM are known polymers for use as housing in high voltage insulators. The result of dynamical mechanical measurement shows that the storage modulus of blends enhances with increase EPDM in formulation. It can be seen from the result of TGA measurement that initial thermal degradation of silicone rubber improves by the effect of EPDM in blends. The blends of silicone-EPDM show good breakdown voltage strength compared to silicone rubber. Surface and volume resistance of silicone rubber improve by EPDM content. The mechanical properties of EPDM such as strength, modulus and elongation at break improve by silicone. 相似文献
144.
气相色谱-质谱大体积进样法测定蔬菜、水果中17种农药残留 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
建立了GC—MS/SIM与大体积进样技术结合测定蔬菜、水果中包括有机磷类、氨基甲酸酯类、有机氯类、菊酯类在内的17种农药的方法。样品经丙酮提取,OASIS HLB固相萃取小柱净化后,采用GC—Ms的选择离子模式和大体积进样技术进行测定,能够使相对检出限降低1~2个数量级。大多数农药的线性范围为0.05~10mg/kg,相关系数为0.9943—0.9996,相对标准偏差为3.5%-10.3%,回收率范围在77%~107%之间.方法能满足果蔬中17种农残限量的的检测要求,具有灵敏、快速、重复性好的特点。 相似文献
145.
Densities of aqueous solutions of a series of polymethonium chloride and bromide salts (CH3)3–N–(CH2)n–N–(CH3)3X2 have been measured at 25°C. Apparent molal volumes have been calculated, and methylene-group contributions to the limiting apparent molal volumes °v have been estimated. Constant values of the methylene-group contribution of 16.5 and 17.0 cm3-mole–1 were obtained for the bromide and chloride salts, respectively. These values are consistent with methylene-group contributions reported for other series of organic electrolytes. 相似文献
146.
Partial molar volumes for a homologous series of amino acids and peptides have been measured in aqueous 1M sodium acetate, sodium thiocyanate, and sodium sulfate at 25°C. These data have been utilized in conjunction with the data in water to deduce partial molar volumes of transfer V
2,m
0(tr) from water to these aqueous salt solutions. The volumes of transfer for the amino acids and peptides are found to be positive. The interpretation is that this result arises from the dominant interaction of the sodium salts with the charged centers of amino acids and peptides. Thermal denaturation of the structurally homologous proteins lysozyme and -lactalbumin has been studied in the presence of these salts. Significant thermal stabilization of hen egg-white lysozyme has been observed in the presence of sodium acetate and sodium sulfate. However, the thermal stabilization observed for -lactalbumin is very small in the presence of these salts and sodium thiocyanate leads to a lowering of its thermal denaturation temperature. The rise in the surface tension of aqueous salt solutions with salt concentration has been correlated with the calorimetric and volumetric measurements. The results show that V
2,m
0(tr) depends less on the type of electrolyte than on the ionic strength of the solution. The V
2,m
0(tr) values correlate very well with the increase in the surface tension of aqueous salt solutions, indicating significant role of surface tension in interactions of amino acids, peptides, or protein with the salts. 相似文献
147.
C. Jolicoeur B. Riedl D. Desrochers L. L. Lemelin R. Zamojska O. Enea 《Journal of solution chemistry》1986,15(2):109-128
The limiting partial molar volumes V
o
and heat capacities C
p
o
of 20 amino acids have been determined in water and in 8 molar urea at 25.0°C using flow calorimetry and flow densimetry. The side chain contributions to V
o
and C
p
o
were obtained as the difference between the properties of the various amino acids and those of glycine, both in water and in 8M urea. The solvent accessible surface area of the amino acid residues were obtained using a method developed by Hermann, and the total surface areas were separated into their hydrophobic A
Hb
and hydrophilic components. In water, C
p
o
values for the various residues C
p
o
(R) were found well correlated with A
Hb
, though much less so in the urea solution. Hence, C
p
o
(R) values, in water yield a good estimate of side chain hydrophobicity, but the (waterurea) transfer heat capacities appear strongly affected by specific solvation effects in the urea solution.Presented at the sixth Italian meeting on Calorimetry and Thermal Analysis (AICAT) held in Naples, December 4–7, 1984. 相似文献
148.
Heat capacities C
p
and volumes V have been obtained at 25°C for the transfer of cholesteryl oleyl carbonate (ChOC) from a reference solvent, the highly-branched alkane 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane into various solvents. These include normal, branched, and cyclic alkanes as well as the pure cholesteric ChOC. V and most C
p
are associated with the change of environmental free volume during the transfer process and are predicted by the Prigogine-Flory theory. However, for n-alkane solvents with more than twelve carbons, C
p
is large, positive, and unattributable to free volume changes. It is consistent with a restriction of alkane segmental motion by the ChOC. The same mechanism has been proposed to explain an antiplasticization effect of ChOC on transitions in polymers. 相似文献
149.
The viscosity deviation (Δη), the excess molar volume (V
E) and the ultrasonic speed (u) have been investigated from viscosity (η) and density (ρ ) measurements of binary liquid mixtures of 1,2-dimethyoxyethane with methanol, ethanol, propan-1-ol, butan-1-ol,
pentan-1-ol, hexan-1-ol or octan-1-ol over the entire range of composition at 298.15 K. The excess volumes are negative over
the entire range of composition for all of the mixtures with the exception of hexan-1-ol and octan-1-ol. The excess isentropic
compressibilities (K
S
E) and viscosity deviations are negative for all of the mixtures. The magnitudes of the negative values of V
E decrease with the number of carbon atoms of the alkan-1-ol. The trend of increasing K
S
E values with the chain length of the alkanol is similar to that observed in the case of V
E. Graphs of V
E, Δ η, K
S
E, Δ u, L
f
E and Z
E against composition are presented as a basis for a qualitative discussion of the results. 相似文献
150.
Densities (ρ), viscosities (η) and speeds of sound (u) of the ternary mixture (1-heptanol + tetrachloroethylene + methylcyclohexane) and the corresponding binary mixtures (1-heptanol + tetrachloroethylene),
(1-heptanol + methylcyclohexane) and (tetrachloroethylene + methylcyclohexane) at 298.15 K were measured over the whole composition
range. The data obtained are used to calculate the excess molar volumes (V
E), excess isobaric thermal expansivities (α
E), viscosity deviations (Δη), excess Gibbs energies of activation of viscous flow (ΔG
*E) and excess isentropic compressibilities (κ
S
E) of the binary and ternary mixtures. The data from the binary systems were fitted by the Redlich–Kister equation whereas
the best correlation method for the ternary system was found using the Nagata equation. Viscosities, speeds of sound and isentropic
compressibilities of the binary and ternary mixtures have been correlated by means of several empirical and semi-empirical
equations. The best correlation method for viscosities of binary systems is found using the Iulan et al. equation and for
the ternary system using the Heric and McAllister equations. The best correlation method for the speeds of sound and isentropic
compressibilities of the binary system (1-heptanol + methylcyclohexane) is found using IMR (Van Deal ideal mixing relation)
and for the binary system (tetrachloroethylene + methylcyclohexane) it is found using the NR (Nomoto relation) and for the
binary system (1-heptanol + tetrachloroethylene) and the ternary system (1-heptanol + trichloroethylene + methylcyclohexane)
it is obtained from the FLT (Jacobson free length theory). 相似文献