The influence of interfacial barrier engineering on the resistance switching of In2O3：SnO2/TiO2/In2O3：SnO2 device

The I-V characteristics of In2O3：SnO2/TiO2/In2O3：SnO2 junctions with different interracial barriers are inves- tigated by comparing experiments. A two-step resistance switching process is found for samples with two interfacial barriers produced by specific thermal treatment on the interfaces. The nonsynchronous occurrence of conducting filament formation through the oxide bulk and the reduction in the interracial barrier due to the migration of oxygen vacancies under the electric field is supposed to explain the two-step resistive switching process. The unique switching properties of the device, based on interracial barrier engineering, could be exploited for novel applications in nonvolatile memory devices.     

On discrete maximum principle

A model of optimal control for discrete systems and the historical development of the discrete maximum principle are considered. The paper deals with local optimality conditions of the first order, e.g. with a local maximum-principle and a quasi-maximum principle. Furthermore, optimality conditions of higher order, e. g. an optimality condition for singular controls are given.     

分步晶化法合成ZSM-5/SAPO-5复合材料

通过分步晶化水热处理的方式合成了ZSM-5/SAPO-5复合材料。研究了两种分子筛凝胶的混合方式、调节ZSM-5母液的酸类型、SAPO-5凝胶组成以及晶化时间对复合材料形成的影响。实验结果表明,简单将两种分子筛的合成凝胶混合不能得到复合材料。采用H₂SO₄调节ZSM-5合成母液的pH值,在ZSM-5与SAPO-5理论质量比为3.5、SAPO-5凝胶中P₂O₅与Al₂O₃摩尔比为1.2的条件下可以得到ZSM-5/SAPO-5复合材料。但样品中含有少量无定形物质,这些无定形通过延长晶化时间并不能完全消除。     

Finite element modelling of local scour below a pipeline under steady currents

Local scour has been identified as the main factor that causes failures of structures in offshore engineering. Numerous research efforts have been devoted to local scour around offshore pipelines in the past. In this paper, a finite element numerical model is established for simulating local scour below offshore pipelines in steady currents. The flow is simulated by solving the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations with a standard k ? ? turbulent model closure. A sand slide scheme is proposed for the scour calculation, and bed load is considered in the proposed scour model. To account for changes in bed level, the moving mesh method is adopted to capture the water–sediment interface (bed), and the change of bed level is calculated by solving Exner–Polya equation. All the equations are discretised within the two-step Taylor–Galerkin algorithm in this paper. It is found that the sand slide model works well for the simulation of the scour, and the numerical results are shown to be in good agreement with the available experimental data.     

两步化学沉积法制备ZnO薄膜及其场发射特性

在低温常压条件下,以ITO玻璃为衬底,采用电化学法与湿化学法结合的两步化学沉积法制备了团簇状ZnO薄膜。利用XRD,SEM分析了薄膜结构和表面形貌,并采用二极管结构在高真空条件下对薄膜进行了场发射性能测试。稳定发射后,开启电场为3.0 V/μm。当电场为5.8 V/μm时,电流密度为583.3 μA/cm²。研究表明:两步化学沉积法低温制备ZnO薄膜是可行的,且该薄膜具有良好的场发射性能。     

重叠PCR法构建嗜酸乳杆菌分选酶A基因外源打靶片段

为比较单步法、分步法重叠PCR在构建嗜酸乳杆菌Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC4356分选酶A(SrtA)外源打靶片段的差异性, 设计了5对具有20~25bp互补末端的引物, 分别扩增两对上下游同源臂和卡那霉素基因, 先采用分步法、单步法重叠PCR构建不含筛选基因的外源打靶片段SrtA-up2-SrtA-down2, 比较两者优劣, 随后取较优者构建含抗生素筛选基因的打靶片段SrtA-up1-Kan-SrtA-down1. 结果显示单步法优于分步法, 非特异性扩增少, 拖尾现象少, 且扩增打靶片段SrtA-up1-Kan-SrtA-down1条带单一, 无非特异性扩增. 即在构建两种外源打靶片段时, 单步法重叠PCR优于分步法PCR, 为之后构建嗜酸乳杆菌基因打靶载体、构建融合基因打下了基础.     

钙钛矿太阳能电池的制备工艺与光伏性能研究

设计和制备结构为FTO玻璃/TiO2致密层/TiO2介孔层/CH3NH3PbI3吸收层/C电极的钙钛矿太阳能电池.采用两步法制备CH3NH3PbI3吸收层:首先通过旋涂技术制备PbI2薄膜,然后将PbI2薄膜在浓度为0.044 mol/L的甲基碘化胺/异丙醇(MAI/IPA)溶液中分别浸泡反应0.5 h、2.5 h、3.5 h和4.0 h后获得CH3NH3PbI3吸收层.研究了浸泡反应时间对CH3NH3PbI3吸收层的结构和形貌以及对电池光伏性能的影响.结果表明:PbI2薄膜在MAI/IPA溶液中反应后形成四方结构的CH3NH3PbI3晶粒,当浸泡反应3.5 h时,CH3NH3PbI3晶粒的平均尺寸最大,均匀性较好;XRD图谱中只有CH3NH3PbI3的特征峰,而PbI2的特征峰完全消失.同时,该条件下制备的钙钛矿太阳能电池的光伏性能最佳,其开路电压0.881 V、短路电流密度达到22.17 mA/cm2,光电转化效率6.79;,且在整个可见光区的光子-电子的转换效率接近50;.     

金属氧化物两步热化学循环分解水制氢*

金属氧化物两步热化学循环分解水制氢技术集太阳能储备与氢能制备于一体,是当前新能源研究和开发领域的热点之一。本文介绍了该技术制氢原理,综述了其关键材料金属氧化物体系和太阳能反应器的研究进展,分析了制约该技术规模化应用的“瓶颈”因素。最后,对近年出现的基于金属氧化物两步热化学循环分解水制氢的两步蒸汽重整新工艺的原理和金属氧化物材料研究进行了介绍,并对该领域的发展趋势进行了展望。     

硫化亚锡有序纳米孔道阵列薄膜的制备与表征

以阳极氧化铝为模板,采用两步复型技术首次制备了一种SnS有序纳米孔道阵列薄膜。SEM和TEM测试结果显示此SnS有序多孔薄膜具有几乎均一的、紧密堆积的、直形的纳米孔道阵列结构,孔道直径约200mm,长度约1μm。EDS,XPS和XRD分析结果表明此SnS有序多孔薄膜的SnS骨架具有正交SnS的晶体结构,薄膜中锡与硫的原子比接近化学计量比1:1。     

模型毒物急性毒性尿液核磁共振氢谱标记物的二阶段聚类分析

采用现代核磁共振技术,通过分析给药肝、肾损伤模型化合物异硫氰酸α-萘酯(灌胃150 mg/kg体重)和二溴乙胺氢溴酸盐(腹腔注射250 mg/kg体重)24 h内W istar大鼠尿液的1H NMR谱,由尿液中内源性代谢物浓度变化研究了肝、肾模型毒物在大鼠体内的急性毒性。首次利用模式识别技术中的二阶段聚类分析方法解析大鼠尿液1H NMR谱确定了模型化合物尿液1H NMR标记物。结果表明,应用核磁共振和二阶段聚类分析相结合的方法,可提供模型化合物毒性比较清楚的认识。该方法也可用于金属化合物、中药及其它药物的毒性分类和预测研究以及建议各类靶向毒性的NMR标记物。