具确定弱区域正交各向异性薄板的弹塑性屈曲分析

基于弹塑性力学和损伤理论,建立了一个与应力球张量有关的具损伤正交各向异性材料的混合硬化屈服准则,该准则无量纲化后与各向同性材料的Mises准则同构,在此基础上,建立了正交各向异性材料的增量型和全量型弹塑性损伤本构方程,并以具确定弱区域正交各向异性矩形薄板为例,根据屈曲时的能量准则和全量理论,以等效塑性应变为内变量,对其弹塑性屈曲问题进行了分析,讨论了几何参数和弱区域对正交各向异性薄板弹塑性屈曲临界应力的影响.     

Conjugated turbulent heat transfer with axial conduction in wall and convection boundary conditions in a parallel-plate channel

The steady-state conjugated turbulent heat transfer with axial conduction in the wall and convection boundary conditions is solved with the generalized integral transform technique for the flow of Newtonian fluid in parallel-plate duct. A lumped wall model that neglects transverse temperature gradients in the solid but that takes into account the axial heat conduction along the wall is adopted. Highly accurate results are presented for the fluid bulk and wall temperatures and Nusselt number. The effects of the conjugation parameter, Biot number, and the dimensionless channel length on Nusselt number and fluid bulk and wall temperatures are systematically investigated.     

Semi-empirical insertion probability for hard-spheres and hard-sphere chains

In spite of its simplicity and a well-defined theoretical basis, the Flory–Guggenheim approach is conventionally regarded as inapplicable to off-lattice system since the insertion probability of the approach does not account for the excluded region, existing in the off-lattice system. In this work, we propose the insertion probability accounting for the excluded region of off-lattice fluids and derive a new version of equation of state (EOS) for hard-sphere chains basing on the Flory–Guggenheim approach. To investigate the behavior of the excluded regions, a Monte Carlo sampling was performed for hard disks and the various excluded regions were found to have different density dependence. On the basis of the simulation result, we formulated the insertion probability for hard-sphere and that of hard-sphere chain which accounts for the effect of chain-connectivity on the monomer insertion. The proposed insertion probability was found to correctly predict the simulation data for monomer and correctly correlate the simulation data for chain fluids. The resulting EOS was found to meet closed-packed limit and predict the simulation data of compressibility factor for monomer and chains with a reasonable degree of accuracy. When compared with other off-lattice based EOS, it shows a comparable or better result. For second virial coefficient of chain molecules, the model was found to reasonably predict the simulation data.     

Crossover Peng-Robinson equation of state with introduction of a new expression for the crossover function

In this research, we use the original Peng-Robinson (PR) equation of state (EOS) for pure fluids and develop a crossover cubic equation of state which incorporates the scaling laws asymptotically close to the critical point and it is transformed into the original cubic equation of state far away from the critical point. The modified EOS is transformed to ideal gas EOS in the limit of zero density. A new formulation for the crossover function is introduced in this work. The new crossover function ensures more accurate change from the singular behavior of fluids inside the regular classical behavior outside the critical region. The crossover PR (CPR) EOS is applied to describe thermodynamic properties of pure fluids (normal alkanes from methane to n-hexane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and R125). It is shown that over wide ranges of state, the CPR EOS yields the thermodynamic properties of fluids with much more accuracy than the original PR EOS. The CPR EOS is then used for mixtures by introducing mixing rules for the pure component parameters. Higher accuracy is observed in comparison with the classical PR EOS in the mixture critical region.     

电解质和pH值对毒死蜱微乳液透明温度范围的影响

研究了电解质和pH值对毒死蜱微乳剂透明温度范围的影响,表面活性剂采用特殊苯乙基酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯醚和十二烷基苯磺酸钙(DBSCa)(质量比为3:7)复合物,质量分数75%毒死蜱二甲苯溶液为油相。研究结果表明,电解质的加入对表面活性剂作用的微乳剂透明温度范围均有显著影响,使上限温度明显下降;随阳离子电解质质量分数增加,上限温度下降;随阴离子电解质价数增加,上限温度先略增加后下降。电解质及其价数对下限温度影响均不大。弱酸性介质有利于扩大体系的透明温度范围,使上限温度达到最大值;而强酸性和强碱性介质,均使体系的上限温度下降。体系下限温度随pH值的增加缓慢升高。     

基于双阈值视觉注意模型的图像关注焦点检测

 图像关注焦点（FOA）检测是基于人眼视觉关注模型的图像感兴趣区提取的关键技术。为了更加精确、合理地搜索图像关注焦点,提出一种基于双阈值视觉关注模型的FOA检测算法。算法首先提取图像的亮度、颜色、方向和离散矩变换（DMT）特征,生成各个特征对应的特征图;然后将各特征图合并为一张包含多种特征的显著图;最后根据显著图的灰度直方图建立静态阈值与动态阈值,确定图像关注焦点的位置与数量。实验结果表明：新算法在图像关注焦点检测的准确性上较Itti模型有更为优秀的表现,更符合人眼视觉的关注习惯。     

第一性原理研究KDP晶体中Ba取代K点缺陷

 用基于第一性原理的CASTEP模拟了Ba替代K缺陷前后形成的电子结构和能态密度。发现晶体能带宽度降至6.4 eV左右,对应着380 nm的双光子吸收,这一结果可以解释掺Ba晶体在紫外波段的吸收现象。Ba替代K点缺陷仅使其周围的晶格及电子结构发生轻微畸变,对晶体整体结构影响不大。     

建筑物对微波脉冲响应仿真与实验

 建立了微波脉冲在建筑物内传播、反射及透射过程的3维仿真模型,提取了空间电场时域最大值进行统计分析。分析表明：不同入射角窄带调制方波脉冲激励下,场增强区域大小与微波通过窗户和门能直接照射到的区域大小呈正比,窗户的大小对建筑物内空间场强增强区域的大小有显著影响;同时在微波脉冲的传播方向上,窗沿后的区域场强幅值明显减小;脉冲宽度对建筑物内空间场强增强区域的大小及空间场强最大值影响很小;无上升下降沿的窄带调制方波脉冲激励下,空间电场叠加增强效应更强。测量了微波脉冲辐照下,建筑物内空间功率密度分布,验证了仿真结果。     

太阳过渡区紫外光谱的观测与诊断

太阳过渡区是太阳色球层顶到日冕底部的大气薄层。厚度仅几百千米,但其间太阳等离子体参数变化剧烈。过渡区的辐射多为光学薄的远紫外、极紫外发射谱线和背景连续谱线。由于地球大气的吸收,过渡区紫外光谱需通过天基观测才能实现。近几十年来,星载仪器的成功发射为太阳过渡区的研究打开了新纪元。工作回顾了太阳过渡区紫外光谱的观测历史和各类星载仪器,特别介绍了近十几年几种重要的光谱仪器。详细阐述了过渡区紫外光谱的发生率、电子密度和电子温度的诊断原理。讨论了过渡区紫外谱线的形状,并以SOHO/SUMER光谱仪为例介绍了表征谱线的几种重要参量及其物理意义。