Probing the local structure of crystalline ZITO: In2−2xSnxZnxO3 (x≤0.4)

The local structure of In₂O₃ cosubstituted with Zn and Sn (In_2−2xSn_xZn_xO₃, x≤0.4 or ZITO) was determined by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) for x=0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4. The host bixbyite In₂O₃ structure is maintained up to the enhanced substitution limit (x=0.4). The EXAFS spectra are consistent with random substitution of In by the smaller Zn and Sn cations, a result that is consistent with the “good-to-excellent” conductivities reported for ZITO.     

Electrochemical reactions at the electrode/solution interface:Theory and applications to water electrolysis and oxygen reduction

Theoretical simulations on complex electrochemical processes have been developed on the basis of the understanding in electrochemistry,which has benefited from quantum mechanics calculations.This article reviews the recent progress on the theory and applications in electrocatalysis.Two representative reactions,namely water electrolysis and oxygen reduction,are selected to illustrate how the theoretical methods are applied to electrocatalytic reactions.The microscopic nature of these electrochemical reaction...     

多元电解质溶液表面张力的新型预测方程

将半理想溶液理论和Butler方程相结合建立了预测多元电解质溶液表面张力的新型线性预测方程.新方程可由二元系数据预测多元系的表面张力数据,而不涉及任何多元交互作用参数.利用不同温度下24个混合电解质溶液的表面张力数据对新方程进行了系统检验.结果表明新方程可利用298.15K时二元系的渗透压系数和不同温度下二元系的表面张力数据预测不同温度下高浓度的多元系的表面张力数据,且预测结果与实验数据符合得很好,并且预测结果普遍优于基于Pitzer方程的表面张力模型.     

Thermosensitive gels incorporating polythioether units for the selective extraction of class b metal ions

Novel temperature-responsive copolymers of N-isopropylacrylamide and monoaza-tetrathioether derivative, were synthesized for the selective extraction of soft metal ions such as silver(I), copper(I), gold(III) and palladium(II) ion. The ratio between N-isopropylacrylamide group and monoaza-tetrathioether group in the copolymer was determined. The ratio between N-isopropylacrylamide group and monoaza-tetrathioether group varied in the range of 66:1–187:1. Each lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the polymer solution was determined spectrophotometrically by the relative absorbance change at 750 nm via temperature of the polymer solution. Metal ion extraction using the copolymer with appropriate counter anions such as picrate ion, nitrate or perchlorate ion was examined. Soft metal ions such as silver(I), copper(I), gold(III) and palladium(II) ion were extracted selectively into the solid polymer phase. The extraction efficiency of a metal ion such as silver ion increased as the increase of the ratio of the monoaza-tetrathioether group to N-isopropylacrylamide group in the polymer. The quantitative extraction of class b metal ions as well as the liquid–liquid extraction of metal ions with monoaza-tetrathioether molecule was performed.     

Micelle to trapping solution stacking in micellar electrokinetic chromatography

An analytical strategy micelle to trapping solution stacking (MSS) was developed in acidic buffer in micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC). The stacking mechanism is based on the transport, release, capturing of molecules bound to micelle carriers that are made to collapse into trapping solution (TS) to serve as the medium to contain and stacking the analytes. Tetrandrine and fangchinoline were selected as model mixture using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles as carrier to demonstrate this stacking method. The experiments by MSS-MEKC were carried out and further compared with those by normal MEKC. The results reveal that 113–123-fold improvements in the detection sensitivity was obtained for the analytes, and separation and determination of tetrandrine and fangchinoline in Stephaniae tetrandrae S. Moore and Fengtongan capsules were finished under optimum conditions using the sample matrix containing 8.0 mM SDS and TS containing 50 mM H₃PO₄–55% (v/v) ethanol.     

强非线性广义 Boussinesq 方程孤波解的波形分析及求解

上海理工大学理学院\quad 上海 200093该文建立了强非线性广义 Boussinesq 方程的耗散项、波速、渐进值与波形函数的导数之间的关系.利用适当变换和待定假设方法,作者求出了上述广义 Boussinesq 方程的扭状或钟状孤波解,还求出了以前文献中未曾提到过的余弦函数的周期波解.进一步给出了波速对波形影响的结论,即:``好'广义 Boussinesq 方程的行波当波速由小变大时,波形由钟状孤波变成余弦函数周期波解;``坏'广义 Boussinesq 方程的行波当波速由小变大时,波形由余弦函数周期波解变成钟状孤波.     

Thiourea based novel chromogenic sensor for selective detection of fluoride and cyanide anions in organic and aqueous media

Novel chromogenic thiourea based sensors 4,4′-bis-[3-(4-nitrophenyl) thiourea] diphenyl ether 1 and 4,4′-bis-[3-(4-nitrophenyl) thiourea] diphenyl methane 2 having nitrophenyl group as signaling unit have been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic techniques and X-ray crystallography. The both sensors show visual detection, UV-vis and NMR spectral changes in presence of fluoride and cyanide anions in organic solvent as well as in aqueous medium. The absorption spectra indicated the formation of complex between host and guest is in 1:2 stoichiometric ratios.     

Co0.2/Ce1-xZrxO2催化剂的制备、表征及其催化碳烟燃烧反应性能

 采用微孔扩散-共沉淀法制备了不同 Ce/Zr 摩尔比的 Ce1-xZrxO2 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5) 固溶体, 并以此为载体用超声波助分散等体积浸渍法制备了 Co0.2/Ce1-xZrxO2 催化剂, 考察了催化剂中 Ce/Zr 比对其催化柴油车尾气碳烟颗粒物燃烧反应性能的影响. 结果表明, 在催化剂与碳烟颗粒松散接触条件下, Co0.2/Ce1-xZrxO2 催化剂催化碳烟颗粒物燃烧的活性非常高. 其中 Co0.2/Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 催化剂活性最高, T10, T50, T90 和 SmCO2 分别为 316 oC, 385 oC, 413 oC 和 99.9%. 这与目前文献报道的松散接触条件下活性最高的担载 Pt 催化剂相近. 应用 X 射线衍射、透射电镜、扫描电镜、紫外-可见漫反射和傅里叶变换红外光谱技术对 Ce1-xZrxO2 固溶体及 Co0.2/Ce1-xZrxO2 催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, Ce1-xZrxO2 固溶体由纳米级小颗粒组成 (平均粒径在 10 nm 左右). 适量的 Ce/Zr 比有利于改善立方尖晶石型 Co3O4 在 Ce1-xZrxO2 固溶体表面的分散, 从而提高催化剂活性. 程序升温还原结果表明, Co0.2/Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 催化剂具有最优的低温还原特性, 与它具有最高的催化活性相一致.     

Pt/CexZr1-xO2 催化剂在含硫合成气中催化水煤气变换反应活性

 采用浸渍法制备了 Pt/Ce_xZr_1-xO₂ 催化剂, 通过 X 射线衍射和程序升温还原等方法对催化剂进行了表征, 并在固定床反应器中评价了催化剂在合成气和含硫合成气中的水煤气变换活性. 结果表明, 铈锆固溶体的氧化还原能力强于 CeO₂, Zr 的掺杂明显改善了 CeO₂ 的孔道结构, 其担载的 Pt 催化剂具有更高的金属分散度, 因而活性更高. 两种催化剂在含硫合成气中的催化活性较无硫合成气中的均有所降低, 且 H₂S 浓度越大, 催化剂活性下降越多, 但这种因吸附硫而引起的失活是可逆的, 即催化剂重新暴露在无 H₂S 重整气的还原性气氛下活性能基本恢复.