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51.
碘溴化银乳剂薄片颗粒的潜影分散与碘离子在颗粒中的分布有关。本文用交叉光楔曝光技术测定了由次潜影造成的潜影分散,并根据所测出的潜影分散度和乳剂的表面感光度,对内、表敏的分布作了分析。结果表明,碘离子分布在颗粒边缘的乳剂,其表面潜影分散度要比碘离子均匀分布的颗粒更甚,后者且表现出内、表敏度竞争的现象。 相似文献
52.
L. Montrucchio 《Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications》1994,80(3):385-406
We study the relationship between the dynamical complexity of optimal paths and the discount factor in general infinite-horizon discrete-time concave problems. Given a dynamic systemx
t+1=h(x
t
), defined on the state space, we find two discount factors 0 < * ** < 1 having the following properties. For any fixed discount factor 0 < < *, the dynamic system is the solution to some concave problem. For any discount factor ** < < 1, the dynamic system is not the solution to any strongly concave problem. We prove that the upper bound ** is a decreasing function of the topological entropy of the dynamic system. Different upper bounds are also discussed.This research was partially supported by MURST, National Group on Nonlinear dynamics in Economics and Social Sciences. The author would like to thank two anonymous referees for helpful comments and suggestions. 相似文献
53.
F. Kastenholz E. Grell J. W. Bats G. Quinkert K. Brand H. Lanig F. W. Schneider 《Journal of fluorescence》1994,4(3):243-246
Two newly synthesized cryptands act as sensitive Na+- and K+-selective indicators for cation concentrations above 20 M. The fluorescence properties change markedly upon cation binding. In addition, the free ligands exhibit a pronounced sensitivity to pH, which is considerably lower for the cation complexes. Time resolved fluorescence is characterized by a decay time of about 5 ns that is attributed to the diprotonated protolytic state of the uncomplexed ligands. Semiempirical calculations show the systematic influence of the nitrogen lone pairs or the N–H bond on the stability of the system. The cause of the strong fluorescence intensity increase observed upon protonation of the fluorescent cryptands may be attributed to an increase in the S1–T
x
energy gap as a consequence of bridgehead nitrogen protonation.This is a peer-reviewed conference proceeding article from the Third Conference on Methods and Applications of Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Prague, Czech Republic, October 18–21, 1993. 相似文献
54.
F. Herbut 《Foundations of Physics Letters》1996,9(5):437-446
Bohr's well-known claim that only a registered phenomenon is a true phenomenon is further elaborated into occurrence in the past: If ideal occurrence of an eventP ((1–P)) is a state at a timet
i makes another eventQ ((1–Q))certain at a later timet
f, and, finallyU is the evolution operator fromt
i tot
f, then, it is proved that the final collapsed stateQ(U U
+)Q/TrQU U
+, which comes about in ideal occurrence ofQ att
f,equals the initial collapsed stateU(P P/TrP)U
+, which evolves from the state resulting from the ideal occurrence ofP in att
i. Utilizing the latter state is called theretroactive apparent ideal occurrence (RAIO) ofP in. A number of consequences, including the general notion of twin events (the case whent
f=t
i, andU=1) is derived. It is pointed out that RAIO is relevant in second-kind quantum measurement, in Wheeler's delayed-choice experiments in second-kind (or conditional) quantum preparators. 相似文献
55.
Peter-Th. Wilrich 《Accreditation and quality assurance》2007,12(5):231-240
Interlaboratory experiments often contain results that strongly deviate from other results obtained in the same laboratory
under repeatability conditions, or laboratory means that strongly deviate from other laboratory means. In ISO 5725-2 [1] and IUPAC [2], the basic standards for the organisation and analysis of interlaboratory experiments for the determination of precision
of a measurement method, outlier tests are performed in order to detect such situations and to finally decide whether these
values are retained in the analysis or discarded as outliers. This outlier treatment, which always has a subjective aspect,
becomes unnecessary by using robust estimates of the repeatability and reproducibility standard deviation. This paper proposes
to use Rousseeuw’s Q
n as an extremely robust and efficient estimate of the standard deviation. Two examples show the performance of the new method. 相似文献
56.
特征线法在求解非线性液相吸附色谱模型中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文应用特征线法求解非线性液相吸附色谱分离过程模型,论述了特征线法的原理和步骤,讨论了时间步长和空间步长对模型数值解的影响,并用色谱分离甘露醇和山梨醇以及分离蔗糖和还原糖的实验进行验证,用特征线法计算的理论流出曲线与实验流出线吻合较好。本文还分折了模型中各个参数的灵敏度,结果表明:吸附等温方程Q=Ci*/(ai+biCi*)中参数ai比参数bi以及总传质系数ki有更高的灵敏度。 相似文献
57.
M. R. Gregg 《Chromatographia》1985,20(2):129-133
Summary Electrode surface modification by electrochemical pretreatment of glassy carbon electrodes was shown to enhance significantly the sensitivity of the electrodes for the detection of timolol and oxprenolol, but reduce slightly the sensitivity to prenalterol. This method may permit the detection of exprenolol and timolol with increased sensitivity, or may allow their detection at lower applied potentials than is presently possible. Electrode surface modification may prove to be a valuable aid to the detection of compounds that are considered to be outside the practical limits of electrochemical detection. 相似文献
58.
Ayako Torikai Teruyuki Hattori Takuji Eguchi 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1995,33(11):1867-1871
Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) containing benzophenone (BP) was photo-irradiated with monochromatic radiation of wavelength 260–360 nm using the Okazaki Large Spec-trograph (OLS). On irradiation of PMMA films containing BP in air, the sensitized main-chain scission and photocrosslinking of PMMA took place simultaneously. These reactions are dependent on irradiation wavelength. The threshold wavelength for both reactions is found to be ca. 380 nm. The number of main-chain scission and amount of gel increased with the increase of BP concentration in PMMA. Photosensitized main-chain scission favors the irradiation of radiation at ca. 280 nm and photocrosslinking takes place efficiently with the exposure of 340 nm radiation. A possible mechanism for photosensitized reaction is proposed. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
59.
头发铅含量测定的应用价值评价 总被引:1,自引:4,他引:1
调查了125例2-5岁儿童铅中毒状况,测定其全血铅含量和头发铅含量,以全血铅含量为标准,应用诊断试验评价方法评价头发铅测定的应用价值。结果表明,该试验的灵敏度可达88.3%,应用串联试验,即同时测定头发中锌、铁、钙含量,可将该试验的特异度提高至81.8%,阳性预测值达69.6%,阴性预测值达78.8%。 相似文献
60.