二氧化钛紫外光在线消解测定COD的研究

以TiO2-K2Cr2O7协同光催化氧化体系为基础，结合流动注射分析方法建立了一种快速测定水样中化学需氧量（COD）的简便方法．该方法测试速度快，不需有毒、昂贵的试剂，具有广阔的应用前景．COD含量在10～100mg·L^-1和100～1000mg·L^-1范围内，吸光度与COD含量均呈良好的线性关系；测定30mg·L^-1和300mg·L^-1的COD标准溶液，RSD≤5．1％（n=7）；将本系统应用于实际环境水样测定，与国家标准分析方法测定结果相符．     

High‐order 𝒞1 finite‐element interpolating schemes—Part I: Semi‐Lagrangian linear advection

This paper is devoted to the development of accurate high‐order interpolating schemes for semi‐Lagrangian advection. The characteristic‐Galerkin formulation is obtained by using a semi‐Lagrangian temporal discretization of the total derivative. The semi‐Lagrangian method requires high‐order interpolators for accuracy. A class of ??¹ finite‐element interpolating schemes is developed and two semi‐Lagrangian methods are considered by tracking the feet of the characteristic lines either from the interpolation or from the integration nodes. Numerical stability and analytical results quantifying the amount of artificial viscosity induced by the two methods are presented in the case of the one‐dimensional linear advection equation, based on the modified equation approach. Results of test problems to simulate the linear advection of a cosine hill illustrate the performance of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

子群的半覆盖—避开性与有限群的结构

设G是有限群,H为G的子群.如果存在一个主群列1=G_0(?)G_1(?)…(?) G_(n-1)(?)G_n=G,使得对每个i=1,2,…,n,或者H覆盖G_i/G_(i-1),或者H避开G_i/G_(i-1),则称H为G的半覆盖—避开子群.利用G的Sylow子群的极大子群,Sylow子群的2-极大子群的半覆盖—避开性得到了群的可解性,p-幂零性的判别,同时得到了群系的一些结论.     

利用激光诱导击穿光谱原位在线检测褐煤及煤烟

褐煤是我国现阶段的主要用煤,但因为其较低的煤化程度,使用时会产生污染环境的二氧化碳和黑灰,而且烟尘中含有的金属离子会危害人体健康,所以开展对褐煤烟尘的研究非常有意义。而激光诱导击穿光谱技术(LIBS)具有快速、多元素同时分析的特点,适合用于煤烟的原位在线探测。实验制备了含铅浓度不同的三种褐煤样本(O, H, L),其中O为原始无铅样本,利用LIBS对褐煤及煤烟进行原位在线探测。实验仪器主要由激光器,反射镜,聚焦透镜,触发装置,载物平台和分析系统组成。用高纯度铅块校准实验中的的波长漂移。分析了褐煤样本O, H, L的元素成分。发现褐煤O中含有C, Si, Fe, Mg, Al, Ca, Sr, Na等元素,同时检测到空气中的元素N,O,H_α和H_β等,且含铅褐煤光谱中多出了8条铅元素的谱线,最后给出了褐煤中主要元素的光谱鉴别表。然后使用447 nm的连续光点燃褐煤,将1 064 nm的脉冲光聚焦在煤烟上,对褐煤煤烟进行了原位在线检测。发现煤烟中含有Mg, Ca, Al, Sr, Pb等金属离子,说明了褐煤中的一些金属离子会随着煤烟排放到空气中并危害人体健康。经褐煤及煤烟的光谱比较,发现煤烟的信噪比更差,且所有元素的谱线强度都比在褐煤中弱很多,另外发现在烟尘中碳原子谱线的相对强度是所有元素中最高的（无明火）,这说明LIBS可以有效探测CO₂。分析了实验中的CN分子谱,给出了CN分子的具体波长,并利用LIFBASE软件拟合了CN分子的转动温度和振动温度,分别为6 780和7 520 K。最后对样本H和L两种煤烟中的铅浓度进行分析,选取参考线(Ca Ⅱ 363.846 nm)归一化之后比较了铅元素在363.956, 368.346和405.780 nm处的相对强度,发现这三条特征谱线的相对强度与自身实际所含的铅浓度呈很好的线性关系,验证了LIBS技术应用于煤烟中重金属元素半定量分析的可行性。     

Time and temperature induced phase transformation in L‐isoleucine hydrochloride monohydrated crystal

Semi organic crystals have been intensively studied aiming applications in nonlinear optical (NLO). Such applicability requires crystals with both high quality and thermal stability, which make the full characterization of this material a topic issue. In this paper, single crystals of L‐isoleucine hydrochloride monohydrated (L‐Ile.H2O.HCl) was synthesized by slow evaporation technique and characterized by thermal analysis and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. XRD results at 298 K showed that the sample crystallize with the orthorhombic structure, and the lattice parameters obtained by Rietveld refinement were a = 5.873(3) Å, b = 24.814(4) Å, and c = 6.873(5) Å. Thermal analysis measurements shows four decomposition stages between 328 ‐480 K which were associated with loss of water by desolvation, loss crystallization water and decomposition of L‐Ile.HCl. XRD measurements as a function of temperature up to 428 K show an irreversible phase transformation. This transformation was obtained after 32 hours keeping the L‐Ile.HCl.H2O sample at 413 K. The analysis shows that phase transformation occurs due to water and chlorine losses without destroy the amino acid carbon chain and in the end of transformation only the precursor amino acid remains. L‐Ile.HCl.H2O present low thermal stability and the phase transformation is time and temperature dependent.     

Synthesis,characterization, and crystallization of thermoplastic aromatic semi‐crystalline poly(ester‐imide)s based on bis(trimellitic acid anhydride) phenyl ester

A high molecular weight aromatic homopoly(ester‐imide) (homoPEI) was synthesized from homopoly(ester‐amic acids) (homoPEAA), which was obtained from the reaction of bis(trimellitic acid anhydride) phenyl ester (BTAH) with 4‐4'‐oxydianiline ether (ODA). This homoPEI was melt‐processable semi‐crystalline polymer and displayed dual endothermic transitions which were attributed to the different levels of crystal perfection and size in the crystal structures. Four high molecular weight aromatic copoly(ester‐imide)s (coPEIs) were synthesized via copoly(ester‐amic acids)s (coPEAA) from the reaction of 4, 4'‐oxydiphthalic anhydride (ODPA) and BTAH with ODA. The molar percentage of BTAH varied from 10 to 40%. When the molar percentages of BTAH were 30 and 40%, the resulting two coPEIs were crystallinable and their melting temperatures were 361°C and 356/371°C, respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) results indicated that the crystal structures included short segments of BTAH/ODA and ODPA/ODA. The initial crystallization of the two coPEIs took place during imidization process. Thermogravimetric (TA) and mechanical analysis confirmed that both homoPEI and coPEIs showed almost no weight loss until 400°C in N₂ and good mechanical properties. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

在线凝胶渗透色谱-气相色谱/质谱法检测茶叶中的153种农药残留

建立了在线凝胶渗透色谱-气相色谱/质谱(GPC-GC/MS)分析茶叶中153种农药残留的方法。样品用乙腈超声提取,提取液经石墨化炭黑固相萃取柱净化后,经GPC-GC/MS在线净化、分离和检测。方法的加标回收率为73.32%～117.05%,相对标准偏差为0.76%～13.18%。方法的检出限和定量限范围分别为0.0003～0.006 mg/kg和0.001～0.02 mg/kg。该方法样品前处理简单、分析时间短,灵敏度和精密度均符合农药多残留检测技术的要求,适用于茶叶中多种农药残留的检测。     

Mizoguchi–Takahashi’s type common fixed point theorem

Recently Kamran extended the result of Mizoguchi and Takahashi for closed multi-valued mappings and proved a fixed point theorem. In this paper we further extend the result concluded by Kamran and prove a common fixed point theorem by using the concept of lower semi-continuity.     

An Approximation Criterion for Essential Self-adjointness of Dirichlet Operators on Certain Banach Spaces

We establish an approximation criterion for essential self-adjointness of Dirichlet operators with nonconstant diffusion part on certain Banach spaces.     

Synthesis of bis‐N‐alkyl imidazolium salts and their palladium(0)(NHC)(η2‐MA)2 complexes

New N‐Alkyl‐substituted imidazolium salts as well as a series of their corresponding [Pd(NHC)(MA)₂] complexes have been obtained by three routes in good yield. The previously reported synthesis for the analogous N‐aryl substituted [Pd(NHC)(MA)₂] complexes has been improved. The N‐alkyl‐substituted [Pd(NHC)(MA)₂] complexes are thermally more labile than their N‐aryl counterparts. Catalytic transfer semi‐hydrogenation of phenylpropyne resulted in good to excellent chemo‐ and stereo‐ selectivity conversion into (Z)‐phenylpropene. The size of the alkyl substituents correlates with the rate of hydrogenation in the sense that more bulky substituents give rise to faster transfer hydrogenation rates. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.