微波在柴油机滤烟器催化再生中的应用 Ⅱ.滤烟器在含氧气氛中的微波加热催化再生

采用柴油机台架装置及微波加热装置,考察了柴油机催化滤烟器的微波加热再生效应．结果表明,过滤体上捕集的碳烟量对催化滤烟器在氧气中的微波加热燃烧再生至关重要,只有捕集的碳烟量超过某一下限值,滤烟器上的碳烟才有可能被微波加热至起燃温度; 但碳量也不可超过一上限值,否则滤烟器的微波加热催化再生可能失去控制,碳烟急剧燃烧产生的热量将使过滤基质烧结． 此碳烟上下限再生窗口随催化剂活性的差异而有所改变． 研究中还发现,在再生过程中,产物中ＣＯ和ＣＯ２ 的比率有较大波动．     

基于修正的Craig-Bampton法的大长径比助推器分离特性研究

在芯级周围布置助推器是提升运载能力的有效手段。对于长径比较高的助推器,结构呈现明显的局部弹性效应,这将对助推器分离的安全性产生影响。针对传统Craig-Bampton方法无法适用于大范围运动弹性体的不足,本文采用修正的Craig-Bampton法获得系统的正则化模态,使研究对象的所有模态与频率一一对应,实现分离体大范围刚体运动与弹性变形的有效耦合。基于该方法开展柔性多体动力学仿真,获得了不同模态阶数和结构刚度的弹性助推器分离系统的分离特性。研究结果表明,与传统的刚体模型相比,考虑助推器弹性效应的分离动力学模型更加贴近真实飞行情况。基于此,获得了各阶模态和结构刚度对分离安全边界的影响规律,其中以一阶横向模态最为敏感。通过研究弹性助推器的分离特性,为运载火箭助推器分离系统的工程实际应用提供理论参考和研究支撑。     

一种R12替代物的性能分析及实验研究

本文通过理论和试验对比TD12与R12热力学性质证明,电冰箱中使用TD12碳氢化合物,能够保证原制冷效果,节能7％以上,对机组内部安全。填加添加剂降低混合物的非共沸温差,达到实用要求。碳氢化合物作为制冷剂,允许非主元含量有限度存在,可较大地降低制冷剂成本。作为电冰箱制冷剂长期取代物,碳氢化合物具有明显的优势。     

A suggestion of a new measure of importance of system components

In this paper we suggest a new measure of the importance of a component in a coherent system and derive some of its properties. The measure is for the case of components not undergoing repair proportional to the expected reduction in the remaining system life-time due to the failure of the component. This measure seems to be a useful guide during the system development phase as to which components should receive the most urgent attention in order to increase the system's expected life-time. The properties of the measure are compared with the ones of a measure suggested by Barlow and Proschan [1].     

Experimental design optimization of the separation of the aromatic compounds in petroleum cuts by supercritical fluid chromatography

A experimental design optimization method is demonstrated for evaluation of the resolution of the performance mixture used in the proposed ASTM test to determine the aromatic content of aviation fuels. The method uses a Doehlert experimental matrix test to optimize the resolution and analysis time by varying the pressure and temperature of the supercritical carbon dioxide mobile phase. The separation between saturated and aromatic compounds was optimized using only seven experiments. With this procedure, the analysis time required for determination of the total aromatic content of more complex samples can be reduced to less than 10 min.     

A problem in etching Pyrex glass capillary columns

Recent attempts to reproduce a literature method for etching of Pyrex glass capillary columns with ?etching ether”? resulted in reduction of the columns to dust through a violent explosion. Although modifications of the method produced etched columns, we found that less than satisfactory results were achieved. Introduction of etching ether by simply coating the column with a thin film of the ether produced an evenly etched column with well defined whiskers. Several observations made during the etching process will also be discussed.     

基于因子分析的乳制品消费者质量安全信任研究

消费者对乳制品质量安全信心,既是重大的民生问题,也是重大的经济社会问题.乳制品安全关系到消费者的健康,近年来我国乳制品安全事件频发,极大地影响了国内消费者的信心,也使乳制品行业受到重创.以我国大部分省市的消费者为研究对象,以消费者信任、行为等相关理论为依据,采用问卷调查的方式采集数据,对回收的有效问卷,通过信度、效度、消费者特征分析和因子分析方法,对我国目前乳制品消费者质量安全信任水平进行测度与分析.研究表明:企业品牌形象、产品质量口感、产品包装、消费者对食品安全的信任、感知价值与满意度等因素对乳制品消费者质量安全信任水平的影响较大;总体来说,我国消费者对于乳制品的信心偏低.针对目前我国乳制品质量安全的实际情况,从社会各主体角度出发,提出了乳制品消费者质量安全信任提升的对策建议.     

Cutting two graphs simultaneously

Consider two graphs, and , on the same vertex set V, with and having edges for . We give a simple algorithm that partitions V into sets A and B such that and . We also show, using a probabilistic method, that if and belong to certain classes of graphs, (for instance, if and both have a density of at least 2/, or if and are both regular of degree at most with n sufficiently large) then we can find a partition of V into sets A and B such that for . © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 57: 19–32, 2008     

Avoiding extremes using partial control

Dynamical systems can be prone to severe fluctuations due to the presence of chaotic dynamics. This paper explains for a toy chaotic economic model how such a system can be regulated by the application of relatively weak control to keep the system confined to a bounded region of the phase space, even in the presence of strong external disturbances. Since the control here is weaker than the disturbance, the system cannot be controlled to a particular trajectory, but under certain circumstances it can be partially controlled to avoid extreme values. Partial control depends on the existence of a certain set called a ‘safe sets’. We describe the safe set and how it varies with parameters, sometimes continuously and sometimes discontinuously.     

Method of orthogonal simplexes and its applications to convex programming

Numerical methods for solving a convex programming problem are considered whose guaranteed convergence rate depends only on the space dimension. On average, the ratio of the corresponding geometric progression is better than that in the basis model of ellipsoids or simplexes. Results of numerical experiments are presented.