高等师范学校物理专业课程结构改革研究

为解决高等师范院校物理专业学生的知识结构和实际能力与社会需要明显不相适应的矛盾，我们对四年制物理专业的课程结构进行了全面改革。改革后，毕业生不仅能胜任普通中学或职业中学（职业中专）的教学，而且有能力参与厂矿企业的技术工作，具有更广泛的适应性和更强的竞争力。     

Secondary mathematics teachers’ meanings for measure,slope, and rate of change

This article reports an investigation of 251 high school mathematics teachers’ meanings for slope, measurement, and rate of change. The data was collected with a validated written instrument designed to diagnose teachers' mathematical meanings. Most teachers conveyed primarily additive and formulaic meanings for slope and rate of change on written items. Few teachers conveyed that a rate of change compares the relative sizes of changes in two quantities. Teachers’ weak measurement schemes were associated with limited meanings for rate of change. Overall, the data suggests that rate of change should be a topic of targeted professional development.     

高中化学新手熟手专家教师教学策略知识比较*

以“原电池”教学主题为载体自编调查问卷,选取河北省90位在职高中化学教师进行教学策略知识(Knowledge of instructional strategies,简称KoIS)测查。应用单因素方差分析与多重比较LSD法,从教学策略与表征的选择、应用、调整、反馈以及评价等5个维度对新手、熟手和专家教师KoIS之间的差异及其表现特征进行了比较和分析,并据此提出相关建议,为促进高中化学教师KoIS水平提升提供借鉴和参考。     

基于NVivo的卓越化学教师课堂教学创新能力评价*——以东芝杯教学技能创新大赛为例

研究采用视频分析法,利用NVivo软件,以东芝杯教学技能创新大赛的化学组选手为对象,从教学理念、教学情境、实验设计和教学手段等4个维度,评价卓越职前化学教师课堂教学的创新能力。结果发现:教学理念新颖,但具体落实尚有不足;情境创设生动,但主题与学生的联系不够紧密;实验设计别致,但在水平上还有提升空间;教学技术手段先进,但还需要深度融合。研究为创新型卓越化学教师的培养提供了启示。     

职前与在职化学教师对教学能力认知差异的实证研究*

采用定量的方法对112位化学师范生和83位中学化学教师进行问卷调查,了解职前、在职教师对教学能力要素重要性认识的情况,问卷涉及本体要素、工具要素、条件要素、实践要素、情意要素和发展要素等6大维度。基于Rasch测量模型,利用ConQuest,Winstep,SPSS22.0软件对数据进行统计分析。研究发现:(1)问卷具有良好的信效度;(2)师范生、在职教师均把情意要素作为教学能力的首要成分,其次依次是本体要素、发展要素、实践要素,工具要素与条件要素排在其他要素之后;(3)工具要素重要性赞同度师范生显著高于在职教师,其余维度差异不显著,不同性别各维度重要性赞同度也无显著性差异;(4)由ConQuest多维分析所建立的项目被试图可以直观展示不同维度上各教学能力的重要程度。     

中学化学骨干教师PCK的实证研究*——以“析氢腐蚀和吸氧腐蚀”主题为例

使用本土化的教学内容表征(CoRe)工具调查了46名接受“国培计划”的中学化学骨干教师关于“析氢腐蚀和吸氧腐蚀”主题的PCK,结果表明:(1)骨干教师的PCK包含5个相互联系的组分,其中课程知识、学生知识以及策略知识均较为丰富。骨干教师能有针对性地选取化学学科专属的教学策略;(2)在教学取向方面,骨干教师在教学中发展与评价学生化学基本观念与学科核心素养的意识有待加强,引导学生自主建构学习的落实程度有待提高;(3)在评价知识方面,评价方式较为多元,但骨干教师对于形成性评价的重视程度不够。文末据此对我国化学教师教育以及化学PCK研究提出相关建议。     

Pre-service elementary teachers’ strategies for tiling and relating area units

It has been established that preservice elementary school teachers (PSTs) often employ procedural methods when solving measurement problems without conceptual understanding or flexibility, but a significant gap exists in the literature identifying why. Through the lens of discrete and continuous interpretations of area, this study extends the research base by describing strategies PSTs use to tile a two-dimensional space with varying size tiles and what these strategies imply about PSTs’ conceptions of area measurement. These strategies and implied conceptions enable further discussion on the multiple purposes of the area model as an illustrative measure for mathematics throughout the elementary school curriculum.     

Teachers attending to student reasoning: Do beliefs matter?

We present the results of a quasi-experimental study of pre-service elementary teachers' learning to recognize students' mathematical reasoning from classroom videos. Researchers examined the nature of participants’ beliefs regarding mathematics education. We found that pre-service elementary teachers whose beliefs were consistent with NCTM Process Standards (NCTM, 2000), or that transitioned in the direction of consistency with the Standards, regarding the teaching and learning of mathematics, were more successful in recognizing students' reasoning than those whose beliefs were generally inconsistent. Predictive Analytics and Generalized Linear Regression modeling were used to quantify the magnitude of experimental pre-service teachers’ reasoning growth and combined pre/post study assessment reasoning success in contrast to that of the comparison groups. The resulting model explained nearly 90% of the variability in success on the reasoning assessment, showing that beliefs do indeed matter for recognition of reasoning.