Multiphase Flow Regime Characterization and Liquid Flow Measurement Using Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Multiphase flow metering with operationally robust, low-cost real-time systems that provide accuracy across a broad range of produced volumes and fluid properties, is a requirement across a range of process industries, particularly those concerning petroleum. Especially the wide variety of multiphase flow profiles that can be encountered in the field provides challenges in terms of metering accuracy. Recently, low-field magnetic resonance (MR) measurement technology has been introduced as a feasible solution for the petroleum industry. In this work, we study two phase air-water horizontal flows using MR technology. We show that low-field MR technology applied to multiphase flow has the capability to measure the instantaneous liquid holdup and liquid flow velocity using a constant gradient low flip angle CPMG (LFA-CPMG) pulse sequence. LFA-CPMG allows representative sampling of the correlations between liquid holdup and liquid flow velocity, which allows multiphase flow profiles to be characterized. Flow measurements based on this method allow liquid flow rate determination with an accuracy that is independent of the multiphase flow profile observed in horizontal pipe flow for a wide dynamic range in terms of the average gas and liquid flow rates.     

General expression of the calibration curve for the CR-39 radon track detectors

The CR-39 detectors are widely used as passive radon dosimeters, as well as in physics laboratories or for industrial applications. For what concerns radon monitoring, the calibration curve which is usually adopted corresponds to a linear relation between the actual etched track density and the track density counted by an automatic acquisition system. This linear calibration provides very accurate radon exposure assessments in a restricted range of etched track density, however it neglects the effect of the tracks overlapping that becomes as relevant as the track density increases. In the present work the mathematical expression of the area covered by a set of uniformly distributed tracks is deduced. This result allows then to infer the probability that the system acquires the right track density, providing a general calibration curve for a solid state radon track detector. The process of track production and reading routine is also simulated adopting a Monte Carlo approach, showing that the obtained results are in agreement with the function proposed as calibration curve. Moreover, a linear dependence between the track average area and the rate parameter of the calibration curve has been observed. Finally a semi-empirical correlation based on the previous results is proposed.     

微流控纸芯片在环境分析检测中的应用

近年来,微流控纸芯片由于低成本、便携化、检测快等优点,在需要快速检测的环境分析领域中展现出了巨大的应用前景。该综述从微流控纸芯片在环境分析中的应用角度,总结归纳了微流控纸芯片在环境分析中的最新研究进展,并展望了其在未来的发展趋势与挑战。论文内容引用150余篇源于科学引文索引(SCI)与中文核心期刊中的相关论文。该综述包括微流控纸芯片在环境检测中的优势与制造方法介绍;电化学法、荧光法、比色法、表面增强拉曼法、集成传感法等基于纸芯片的先进分析方法介绍;根据环境分析目标物种类,如重金属离子、营养盐、农药、微生物、抗生素以及其他污染物等,对纸芯片的最新应用现状进行了举例评述;基于微流控纸芯片的环境分析研究的未来发展趋势和前景展望。通过综述近期相关研究,表明微流控纸芯片从提出至今虽然只有十几年的发展历程,但其在环境分析研究中的发展却十分迅速。微流控纸芯片可以根据不同的环境条件和检测要求灵活选择制作与分析方法,实现最佳的检测效果。但是微流控纸芯片也面临一些挑战,如纸张机械强度不足、流体控制程度不佳等问题。这些问题指出了微流控纸芯片在环境检测领域的发展趋势,相信随着不断深入的研究,纸芯片将会在未来的环境分析中发挥更大作用。     

基于LabVIEW和Arduino的远程监控系统设计与实现

针对现场采集数据实时远程监控的要求,根据LabVIEW强大的功能模块和Arduino灵活易用的开发特点,提出以Arduino为控制器,采用Arduino软件与LabVIEW软件交互编程的设计思想。为解决LabVIEW在本地服务器Web发布的局限性,同时简化系统的硬件设计,增加使用的灵活性,使用云计算作为服务器,设计实现了一种基于LabVIEW和Arduino的无线串口采控和实时同步Web发布的系统。测试结果表明,该系统界面友好,运行可靠,可扩展性很强,可以在整个互联网上通过网页建立Web请求。     

石化厂区有毒气体泄漏在线监测平台的构建

针对石化厂区在生产过程中可能发生有毒气体泄露带来的生产安全问题,构建了石化厂区有毒气体在线监测平台。该平台是由PC监控中心、网络监控中心、ARM便携式终端、安卓手机客户端组成。实现对石化厂区中有毒气体及环境参数的实时、在线监测和预警,使生产管理人员掌握石化厂区的有毒气体实时动态信息,对可能引发危险事故的因素及时排除,把危险控制在始发阶段,以实现化工生产的安全、持续、高效进行。测试结果表明该平台能实现所设计的各项功能,并具有良好的稳定性、安全性和实用性。     

基于扩展DALI总线的智能照明系统设计

针对大型商业照明场合存在的如组网不便、照明效果单一,能源利用率底的问题,设计了一套基于扩展DALI总线的商业智能照明系统,以实现系统的大面积组网和集中控制,获得丰富的照明效果,实现系统的绿色环保运行。测试系统搭建完成后,实现了管理人员对系统的集中管理和远程监控;系统可按照工作日程表、时间表自动运行;具有分区、分组、单灯、场景等多种控制方式,控制灵活,能达到较好的照明效果和节能要求,可满足多种商业照明需求。     

Optimized precursor ion selection for labile ions in a linear ion trap mass spectrometer and its impact on quantification using selected reaction monitoring

The fragmentation of fragile ions during the application of an isolation waveform for precursor ion selection and the resulting loss of isolated ion intensity is well‐known in ion trap mass spectrometry (ITMS). To obtain adequate ion intensity in the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) of fragile precursor ions, a wider ion isolation width is required. However, the increased isolation width significantly diminishes the selectivity of the channels chosen for SRM, which is a serious problem for samples with complex matrices. The sensitive and selective quantification of many lipid molecules, including ceramides from real biological samples, using a linear ion trap mass spectrometer is also hindered by the same problem because of the ease of water loss from protonated ceramide ions. In this study, a method for the reliable quantification of ceramides using SRM with near unity precursor ion isolation has been developed for ITMS by utilizing alternative precursor ions generated by in‐source dissociation. The selected precursor ions allow the isolation of ions with unit mass width and the selective analysis of ceramides using SRM with negligible loss of sensitivity. The quantification of C18:0‐, C24:0‐ and C24:1‐ceramides using the present method shows excellent linearity over the concentration ranges from 6 to 100, 25 to 1000 and 25 to 1000 nM, respectively. The limits of detection of C18:0‐, C24:0‐ and C24:1‐ceramides were 0.25, 0.25 and 5 fmol, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied to quantify ceramides in fetal bovine serum. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On‐Line Monitoring of Chemical Reactions by using Bench‐Top Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Real‐time nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy measurements carried out with a bench‐top system installed next to the reactor inside the fume hood of the chemistry laboratory are presented. To test the system for on‐line monitoring, a transfer hydrogenation reaction was studied by continuously pumping the reaction mixture from the reactor to the magnet and back in a closed loop. In addition to improving the time resolution provided by standard sampling methods, the use of such a flow setup eliminates the need for sample preparation. Owing to the progress in terms of field homogeneity and sensitivity now available with compact NMR spectrometers, small molecules dissolved at concentrations on the order of 1 mmol L^?1 can be characterized in single‐scan measurements with 1 Hz resolution. Owing to the reduced field strength of compact low‐field systems compared to that of conventional high‐field magnets, the overlap in the spectrum of different NMR signals is a typical situation. The data processing required to obtain concentrations in the presence of signal overlap are discussed in detail, methods such as plain integration and line‐fitting approaches are compared, and the accuracy of each method is determined. The kinetic rates measured for different catalytic concentrations show good agreement with those obtained with gas chromatography as a reference analytical method. Finally, as the measurements are performed under continuous flow conditions, the experimental setup and the flow parameters are optimized to maximize time resolution and signal‐to‐noise ratio.     

金属标记结合高效液相色谱-选择离子监测质谱的蛋白质绝对定量新方法

建立了金属标记结合高效液相色谱-选择性离子监测质谱(SIM)的蛋白质绝对定量新方法。实验考察了金属标记效率、金属标记的稳定性、标记后肽段的色谱保留和质谱行为、新定量方法的线性范围和准确度。实验结果表明金属标记具有标记效率高,稳定性好,色谱保留行为一致等优点。另外,金属标记-选择离子监测质谱绝对定量方法灵敏度高,其定量限低至1 fmol,线性范围为1~500 fmol,线性范围内R2值大于0.99,具有良好的线性关系;经过测量,标准肽段的回收率为117.01%,说明该方法具有较高的准确度。将该方法应用于腾冲嗜热菌中烯醇酶蛋白的定量分析,相对标准偏差为5.47%,表明该方法的精密度高。以上结果表明该方法可以用于生物样本中的蛋白质的绝对定量分析,为比较简单的生物样本中蛋白质的绝对定量方法提供了一种新的选择。     

川芎栽培土壤中重金属镉的动态监测

目的：连续多年监测彭州敖平镇川芎药材栽培土壤中重金属镉的含量,分析其对川芎药材中镉含量的影响。方法根据前期研究结果选取敖平镇部分川芎种植地固定采集样品。按照国家标准方法,采取0～20 cm连续根系土柱和川芎药材。采用火焰法对抽样土壤及川芎药材中镉的含量进行检测分析。结果采样区域内土壤中镉含量均符合国家二级土壤环境质量标准;部分土壤中镉的含量呈明显增长趋势。结论川芎种植土壤中镉含量与环境有较高关联,水泥厂粉尘等污染源是土壤中镉含量增加的重要来源。