基于激光加工的聚合物微通道的流动特性研究

对高斯形截面的微通道中的流场进行了数值分析.结果表明,在压力驱动下,对于深宽比<3的通道,存在2个流速极值,此时通道的顶部对流体的输送也具有较大的贡献.对于深宽比>3的通道却只存在一个极值,此时顶部对流体输送几乎不起作用.研究结果对微通道中流体的流动特性研究具有指导意义.     

Microbubble characteristic in a T-junction microchannel in microfluidic chip

Formation characteristic of microbubble in a T-junction microchannel in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic chip is investigated. Microbubble formation experiments are carried out to investigate the effects of liquid flow rate, gas pressure and gas channel width on the detachment volume and formation time of microbubble. The growth process of the bubble is described by the form of force analysis, and the definition of the bubble detachment distance is introduced. The equivalent spherical theoretical model of bubble detachment diameter prediction is established, and the numerical solution of the model is obtained by the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method. The prediction results of theoretical model correlate well with the experimental data.     

微通道板的饱和效应对条纹相机动态范围的影响分析

条纹相机通常采用微通道板的内增强或外增强这两种方式来提高信号探测阈值, 也由此引入了微通道板饱和效应对系统动态范围的限定. 通过一个非连续电阻电容打拿极链的通道模型, 对微通道板的饱和效应进行了描述,说明了在条纹相机中, 微通道板输入输出的线性范围限定于通道的贮存电荷, 即使是在外增强方式中采用低阻抗微通道板,传导电流的补偿作用也极其有限, 微通道板内增强和外增强条纹相机应具有相近的动态范围, 低阻抗微通道板仅在高重复率的连续拍摄时方可发挥功效, 同时还说明了微通道板增益的正确设置对条纹相机动态范围的重要影响.     

BUBBLE BEHAVIOR AND HEAT TRANSFER MECHANISM IN FC-72 POOL BOILING

A transparent heater made of a thin synthetic diamond substrate along with a high-speed camera was used to investigate bubble behavior during pool boiling. The heater design, combined with the selected FC-72 liquid, overcame the difficulty of previous thin-film heater experiments where transparency and adequate heat flux could not be simultaneously achieved. It also resulted in an essentially uniform temperature field over the heater surface. The growth and merging of bubbles were visualized and quantitatively documented. The relative contribution from phase change to the overall heat flux was determined at several heat flux levels. At a heat flux level half of the critical heat flux (CHF), surface bubble nucleation was found to contribute to more than 70% of the heat transfer from the heater surface. At a similar heat flux level, the ratio of dry to wetted area was determined to exceed 1/3, significantly higher than that predicted by a recent hydrodynamic model for CHF (approximately 1/16). This result suggests that modifications are needed for the hydrodynamic model when applied to highly wetting fluid on nearly isothermal surfaces. The merging of bubbles to form vapor blankets over the heater surface was observed, as has been assumed in recent hydrodynamic models.     

随机粗糙微通道内流动特性研究

采用计算流体动力学的方法, 研究了微通道内气体在速度滑移和随机表面粗糙度耦合作用下的流动特性. 其中, 利用二阶速度滑移边界条件描述气体的边界滑移, 利用分形几何学建立随机粗糙表面. 研究发现, 综合考虑二阶速度滑移边界条件和随机表面粗糙度在较大的平均Knudsen数范围内 (0.025-0.59) 得到的计算结果与实验数据符合得很好, 而一阶速度滑移边界条件只在平均Knudsen数较小时(<0.1)符合实验结果. 随机表面粗糙度对气体在边界处的滑移有显著影响, 相对粗糙度越大, 速度滑移系数越小. 并针对计算结果, 给出了滑移系数与相对粗糙度近似满足的关系. 随机粗糙表面对气体流动过程中的压强、速度、Poiseuille数也有显著影响. 关键词： 随机表面粗糙度 二阶速度滑移边界条件 分形 微通道     

无膜微通道板第三代像增强器的可行性及技术途径探究

砷化镓光阴极的量子效率大大优于超二代多碱光阴极,但由于微通道板(MCP)输入面上的离子阻挡膜的存在,第三代像增强器,即使是薄膜第三代像增强器,相比于同时期技术水平的超二代像增强器,在标准测试条件下的信噪比和分辨力等参数上并无明显优势。通过引入MCP噪声因子的概念,对像增强器光阴极量子效率的有效利用率进行了评价。强调了实现无膜MCP第三代像增强器的必要性,并指明了目前的无膜MCP第三代像增强器开发中所存在的问题,对改善MCP耐电子清刷除气能力及进一步地减少MCP中的有害物种含量的有效方法进行了研究,进而明确了实现高可靠性高性能无膜MCP第三代像增强器的可行性和有效技术途径。     

Heat transfer characteristics of developing gaseous slip-flow in rectangular microchannels with variable physical properties

The effects of variable physical properties on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of simultaneously developing slip-flow in rectangular microchannels with constant wall temperature are numerically investigated. A colocated finite-volume method is used in order to solve the mass, momentum and energy equations in their most general form. Various channel aspect ratios are studied at different Knudsen numbers. Simulations indicate that the constant physical property assumption can result in under/over-prediction of the local friction and heat transfer coefficients depending on the problem configuration. Density and thermo-physical property variations have significant effects on predicting flow and heat transfer characteristics in the developing and fully-developed regions. The degree of discrepancy varies for different cases depending on Knudsen number, aspect ratio and the temperature difference between the channel inlet and the wall. The results suggest that even low temperature differences can alter the friction and heat transfer coefficients considerably.     

格子Boltzman方法数值模拟微通道内不互溶液液两相流动

利用基于场介子格子Boltzman(LB)方法对T形微通道内油-水不互溶两相流动进行了数值模拟.通过静止液滴算例改进该两相流LB模型且验证了模型的有效性,成功数值模拟了T形微通道内油水两相流的五种不同流型.数值模拟结果和实验数据定性和定量吻合很好,表明本文数值方法的有效性.此外,采用改进后的LB两相流模型模拟了不同界面张力和接触角条件下的液滴形成过程,讨论了这两个变量对流型和液滴形状的影响.结果表明LB方法是研究微通道内不互溶两相流的一种有效的数值工具,能够对各种涉及不互溶多相流微流体设备的设计提供指导.     

Electromagnetohydrodynamic flows and mass transport in curved rectangular microchannels

Curved microchannels are often encountered in lab-on-chip systems because the effective axial channel lengths of such channels are often larger than those of straight microchannels for a given per unit chip length. In this paper, the effective diffusivity of a neutral solute in an oscillating electromagnetohydrodynamic(EMHD)flow through a curved rectangular microchannel is investigated theoretically. The flow is assumed as a creeping flow due to the extremely low Reynolds number in such microflow systems. Through the theoretical analysis, we find that the effective diffusivity primarily depends on five dimensionless parameters, i.e., the curvature ratio of the curved channel, the Schmidt number, the tidal displacement, the angular Reynolds number, and the dimensionless electric field strength parameter. Based on the obtained results, we can precisely control the mass transfer characteristics of the EMHD flow in a curved rectangular microchannel by appropriately altering the corresponding parameter values.