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For a financial or insurance entity, the problem of finding the optimal dividend distribution strategy and optimal firm value function is a widely discussed topic. In the present paper, it is assumed that the firm faces two types of liquidity risks: a Brownian risk and a Poisson risk. The firm can control the time and amount of dividends paid out to shareholders. By sufficiently taking into account the safety of the company, bankruptcy is said to take place at time $t$ if the cash reserve of the firm runs below the linear barrier b+kt (not zero), see 1. We deal with the problem of maximizing the expected total discounted dividends paid out until bankruptcy. The optimal dividend return (or, firm value) function is identified as the classical solution of the associated Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation where a second-order differential-integro equation is involved. By solving the corresponding HJB equation, the analytical solution of the optimal firm value function is obtained, the optimal dividend strategy is also characterized, which is of linear barrier type: at time t the firm keeps cash inside when the cash reserves level is less than a critical linear barrier and pays cash in excess of this linear barrier as dividends.     

Optimal periodic dividend and capital injection problem for spectrally positive Lévy processes

In this paper, we investigate an optimal periodic dividend and capital injection problem for spectrally positive Lévy processes. We assume that the periodic dividend strategy has exponential inter-dividend-decision times and continuous monitoring of solvency. Both proportional and fixed transaction costs from capital injection are considered. The objective is to maximize the total value of the expected discounted dividends and the penalized discounted capital injections until the time of ruin. By the fluctuation theory of Lévy processes in Albrecher et al. (2016), the optimal periodic dividend and capital injection strategies are derived. We also find that the optimal return function can be expressed in terms of the scale functions of Lévy processes. Finally, numerical examples are studied to illustrate our results.     

Gerber-Shiu function of a discrete risk model with and without a constant dividend barrier

We consider the discrete risk model with exponential claim sizes. We derive the finite explicit elementary expression for the joint density function of three characteristics: the time of ruin, the surplus immediately before ruin, and the deficit at ruin. By using the explicit joint density function, we give a concise expression for the Gerber-Shiu function with no dividends. Finally, we obtain an integral equation for the Gerber-Shiu function under the barrier dividend strategy. The solution can be expressed as a combination of the Gerber-Shiu function without dividends and the solution of the corresponding homogeneous integral equation. This latter function is given clearly by means of the Gerber-Shiu function without dividends.     

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In this paper, we establish the option pricing model under sub-fractional Brownian motion, and consider the situation of the continuous dividend payments. Firstly, Wick-It\^{o} integral and partial differential method are used to get the option price of partial differential equation, and then through variable substitution into Cauchy problem, we can get the pricing formula of European call option with dividend-paying in sub-fractional Brownian motion environment. According to the pricing formula of European call option, the European put option pricing formula is obtained. Moreover, we study the parameter estimation in the model, and consider the unbiasedness and the strong convergence of the estimator.     

Parisian ruin with a threshold dividend strategy under the dual Lévy risk model

We consider the threshold dividend strategy where a company’s surplus process is described by the dual Lévy risk model. Namely, the company chooses to pay dividends at a constant rate only when the surplus is above some nonnegative threshold. Classically, such a company is referred to be ruined immediately when the surplus level becomes negative. Recently, researchers investigate the Parisian ruin problem where the company is allowed to operate under negative surplus for a predetermined period known as the Parisian delay. With the help of the fluctuation identities of spectrally negative Lévy processes, we obtain an explicit expression of the expected discounted dividends until Parisian ruin in terms of the relevant scale functions and certain probabilities that need to be evaluated for each specific Lévy process. The optimal threshold level under such a threshold dividend strategy is deduced. Applications and numerical examples are given to illustrate the theoretical results and examine how the expected discounted aggregate dividends and the optimal threshold level change in response to different Parisian delays.     

A class of delayed renewal risk processes with a threshold dividend strategy

This paper considers a class of delayed renewal risk processes with a threshold dividend strategy. The main result is an expression of the Gerber-Shiu expected discounted penalty function in the delayed renewal risk model in terms of the corresponding Cerber-Shiu function in the ordinary renewal model. Subsequently, this relationship is considered in more detail in both the stationary renewal risk model and the ruin probability.     

The maximum surplus before ruin and related problems in a jump-diffusion renewal risk process

In this paper, we investigate a Sparre Andersen risk model perturbed by diffusion with phase-type inter-claim times. We mainly study the distribution of maximum surplus prior to ruin. A matrix form of integro-differential equation for this quantity is derived, and its solution can be expressed as a linear combination of particular solutions of the corresponding homogeneous integro-differential equations. By using the divided differences technique and nonnegative real part roots of Lundberg’s equation, the explicit Laplace transforms of particular solutions are obtained. Specially, we can deduce closed-form results as long as the individual claim size is rationally distributed. We also give a concise matrix expression for the expected discounted dividend payments under a barrier dividend strategy. Finally, we give some examples to present our main results.     

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In the classical Cram\'{e}r-Lundberg model in risk theory the problem of finding the optimal dividend strategy and optimal dividend return function is a widely discussed topic. In the present paper, we discuss the problem of maximizing the expected discounted net dividend payments minus the expected discounted costs of injecting new capital, in the Cram\'{e}r-Lundberg model with proportional taxes and fixed transaction costs imposed each time the dividend is paid out and with both fixed and proportional transaction costs incurred each time the capital injection is made. Negative surplus or ruin is not allowed. By solving the corresponding quasi-variational inequality, we obtain the analytical solution of the optimal return function and the optimal joint dividend and capital injection strategy when claims are exponentially distributed.     

Revenue recycling of a CO2 tax: Results from a general equilibrium model for Switzerland

This paper combines a recent proposal by the Swiss government for a CO₂ tax with a policy that uses the tax revenues to lower the pre-existing marginal labor income tax rates, and examines the efficiency and distribution effects of such a revenue recycling policy. The investigation, based on a large-scale general equilibrium model, contrary to other studies, indicates that an environmental tax reform involves negative gross cost, that is, increases welfare even when environmental benefits are not accounted for. The simulation results further show that the adverse distributional effects of a pure CO₂ tax are neutralized or even reversed when tax revenues finance cuts of existing taxes.We thank Tom Rutherford, Reto Schleiniger and two anonymous referees for helpful comments on an earlier draft of this paper. Financial support by the Federal Agency for Energy under the SOEFF program is gratefully acknowledged. The views expressed here are those of the authors and do not represent the opinions of the granting agency.     

分数次布朗运动环境中的有交易成本的上限型买权的期权定价

本文在标的资产价格服从几何分数次布朗运动假设下,在无风险利率和红利率分别为常数和时间的非随机函数的条件下讨论了有交易成本的上限型买权的定价问题.