GC-MS法测定粮谷及油料中55种有机磷农药残留量

采用ASE-300快速溶剂萃取仪提取样品中农药残留量,提取液经二氯甲烷液-液分配、凝胶色谱柱（GPC）净化,固相萃取柱（活性炭）再净化,浓缩定容后,用气相色谱-质谱仪（GC-MS）测定,外标法定量.采用选择离子检测进行阳性确证.选择玉米、糙米、大豆、花生为实验样品、敌敌畏等55种农药添加水平在0.5～2.00 mg/kg时,该方法回收率为68%～117%;精密度为4.04%～11.76%;方法测定低限为0.005～0.100 mg/kg,各项指标均满足有关要求.     

Development and validation of an analytical methodology for the determination of p,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDE and p,p′-DDD in fish oil pills

An analytical methodology was proposed and validated to be applied to the determination of p,p′-DDT and its metabolites p,p′-DDE and p,p′-DDD in fish oil. The analytical procedure presented in this paper involves a single-step clean up process prior to the analysis. A solution of 1,2,3,4-tetrachloronaphtalene was used as internal standard.The analytical technique used was gas chromatography coupled to an electron capture detector. Details on the validation process are provided.The limits of detection ranged from 2.6 to 4.7 pg μL^− 1. The BCR 598 standard reference material (cod liver oil) was used to evaluate the performance of the methodology with satisfactory recoveries for all the compounds.The analytes were determined in three different fish oil pills sold in Spain as a supplementary vitamin support. The sum of p,p′-DDT and metabolites was from 13.2 to 51.3 ng g^− 1, the dominant compound being p,p′-DDE.     

碳质颗粒添加物对渣油热反应生焦的影响

在高压反应釜中研究了三种不同碳质颗粒添加物对克拉玛依常压渣油420℃氮气气氛下热反应生焦的影响。实验结果表明，反应初期碳质颗粒在一定程度上抑制渣油的热反应生焦。碳质颗粒抑制生焦的能力与其表面对极性组分的润湿吸附能力有直接关系，表面易被极性组分润湿的颗粒吸附沥青质的能力强，其抑制渣油生焦的能力也强。碳质颗粒对沥青质的吸附能力和抑制生焦的能力与其比表面积没有直接关系。生焦量随反应时间的变化表明，碳质颗粒在生焦的初期有抑制生焦的作用，后期有促进作用。对甲苯不溶物（TI）的扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和热重（TG）分析表明，和不含添加物的TI相比，含添加物的TI中，小球状甲苯不溶物的数量少、直径小。沥青质和生焦前驱相在碳质颗粒添加物表面的吸附和铺展作用是抑制渣油生焦的主要原因，该作用可以限制生焦前驱相的融并长大，在反应的初始阶段减少生焦量。     

The application of the OTA of kerogen to the evaluation of the rockmass heating

Oxyreactive thermal analysis (OTA) carried out in the conditions of full access of oxygen to each reacting particle of the sample investigated is a suitable method for the determination of important properties of the organic matter dispersed in the rocks. Its results may be easily evaluated to the form of values to be used in a clear diversification and classification system of organic matter/kerogen, as well as to the evaluation of its transformation process in a rockmass. The OTA also enables the distinguishing of the transformation stages and the investigation of the results of the gaseous products liberation from organic matter and kerogen. The OTA method may be applied as a complementary one for the Rock Eval analysis and be used for the organic geochemical and bituminological studies for geological bitumen prospecting.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

高水相W／O型乳化膏体油膜稳定性的研究

高水相Ｗ／Ｏ型乳液是指水相体积占７４％以上，属于高度不稳定的分散体系［１，２］．乳化炸药的问世，使这种高水相Ｗ／Ｏ型乳液有了新的实际应用．这种炸药是９０％～９５％重的硝酸铵盐（占水相８０％～９０％重）水溶液高度分散在５％～１０％的油相中构成Ｗ／Ｏ型乳...     

多花蔷薇花净油化学成分研究

多花蔷薇(Rose multiflora. cathayensis)又名红刺玫、刺花,系多年生落叶灌木,野生于甘肃省陇南山区,生长在海拔500～1900 m的山峰、河岸或山坡缘及灌木丛林中,花的资源丰富,是甘肃省目前需开发的野生芳香植物之一,多花蔷薇花为粉红色,花期为5月中旬至5月底,花中含芳香油,可用作化妆、皂用香精等,有关多花蔷薇花的化学成分,未见文献报道,我们将多花蔷薇花的石油醚浸膏用乙醇在0℃脱蜡3次得净油,再经硅胶柱层析分离得纯     

Determination of trace elements in the Lavender inflorescence (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) — Lavender oil system

Bulgaria is a famous world producer of essential oils. Quality control of the lavender oils produced is an important analytical task in view of their wide use in perfumery and cosmetics, the food industry and aromatherapy. The present paper studies the relationship between the trace elements content in lavender inflorescence (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) and in lavender oil derived from this inflorescence. Three model regions were investigated: two of them are situated far from industrial areas — the village of Zelenikovo and the town of Pavel Banya, and one region is located near the Plovdiv Non-Ferrous Metallurgical Plant. The content of the elements Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn and Pb in plants was determined after acid digestion by flame and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). Lavender oils were analyzed directly by ETAAS. The results undoubtedly show that there is no strong correlation between the trace elements content in inflorescence and in essential oils. It might be assumed that the trace elements present and accumulated in the inflorescence do not pass in lavender oil during the production by steam distillation.     

Chemical composition of the volatile oil from Cynanchum stauntonii and its activities of anti-influenza virus

The volatile oil of the roots of Cynanchum stauntonii was examined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Thirty-eight constituents were identified. (E,E)-2,4-Decadienal, 3-efhyl-4-methypentanol, 5-pentyl-3H-furan-2-one, (E,Z)-2,4-decadienal and 2(3H)-furanone,dihydro-5-pentyl were found to be the major components. The volatile oil exhibited the activities against influenza virus in vitro (IC₅₀s = 64 μg/ml). In in vivo experiment, it prevented influenza virus-induced deaths in a dose-dependent manner.     

考虑油膜动态过程的海上溢油应急物资调度优化

针对溢油应急响应中海上油膜所具有的动态特性,综合考虑需求点的时变物资需求、运输网络的不确定性以及物资调度决策与外部决策环境之间的相互作用关系之后,构建了效率目标与成本目标相结合的多目标海上溢油应急物资调度优化模型。根据模型的特点,提出了一种基于鲸鱼算法的求解方法。该算法利用非线性收敛因子克服了算法后期易陷入局部最优的不足,同时还引入小生境共享机制以确保解的多样性。最后,通过仿真案例对模型与算法的有效性与可行性进行了验证。结果表明,该方法可以为决策者提供高质量的决策支持。     

一般工商业零售电价套餐适应性评估与优化方法

在电力体制改革的大背景下,合理评估零售电价套餐适应性,对控制电网经营风险和推进售电侧改革有重要意义。针对我国电力市场以及一般工商业的特点,首先从竞争、用户以及市场环境角度出发建立了一般工商业零售电价套餐评估指标体系;其次将层次分析法和改进的灰色白化权函数相结合,对电价套餐进行适应性评估;最后针对该评估方法建立了基于蚁群算法的优化模型,以最小成本得到提高电价套餐适应性等级的优化方案,并验证了该方法具有良好的鲁棒性,具有一定的参考意义。