Phase Behavior of Methane-Pentane Mixture in Bulk and in Porous Media

The adiabatic calorimetry method is used to measure the isochoric heat capacity and the dew-bubble curves for the methane-normal pentane mixtures in bulk for three different mixture compositions of n-pentane. The near-critical behavior of the mixture heat capacity indicates that at low n-pentane concentrations, this system is close to the special point of the critical locus. The effect of porous medium has been investigated for one of the mixtures studied in bulk. It has been shown that in porous medium the essential shift of the dew-bubble curve takes place. In our opinion this shift is caused by the formation of wetting film on the surface of porous medium. The estimation of film thickness resulting from the data obtained yields the value 7–8 nm.     

Energy release rates in a constrained epoxy disc with Hookean and Mooney–Rivlin materials

Assuming that the disc material can be modeled either as Mooney–Rivlin or as Hookean and the steel ring enclosing the disc as Hookean, the energy release rates as a function of the crack length are evaluated and compared. Two loadings are considered––one in which the surface of the star shape hole in the disc is loaded by a uniform pressure and the other in which the temperature of the composite body is uniformly raised. It is found that the linear and the nonlinear analyses give qualitatively similar results for the two loadings. For each load, the energy release rate increases with an increase in the starter crack length, reaches a maximum value and then decreases gradually.     

低应变速率下形状记忆合金的特性实验研究

形状记忆合金以其特有的形状记忆效应和超弹性,被广泛应用于医学、航空和建筑防震。在耗能性机构中,需要形状记忆合金能够在变速率条件下工作。为了获得非静态条件下的行为特性,比较静态和非静态条件下形状记忆合金的行为特性的差异,本文采用一种新的分析方法,即以形状记忆合金的特性参数为对象,来分析不同应变速率对形状记忆合金特性的影响。在不同的应变速率(0.0005/s,0.001/s,0.005/s,0.01/s,0.05/s,0.1/s)下,对50.8at%-Ni-Ti记忆合金丝的形状记忆效应和超弹性特性进行了实验研究。在低应变速率范围内,由实验结果得到:随应变速率增大,两种特性行为中的各纯相的杨氏模量保持不变;拉伸过程相变起始和终了临界应力会增大,卸载过程相变起始和终了临界应力会减小,滞后环面积增大;相变硬化系数在形状记忆效应行为中会增大,而在超弹性行为中基本不变。     

一种新型均匀扩散器流场的数值模拟

异性纤维检出设备中扩散器内部流场的情况,直接影响着落棉率和整个清除系统的工作效率.本文用计算流体力学软件FLUENT对新型均匀扩散器的流场进行数值模拟,通过改进扩散器的结构参数,实现流场的均匀和稳定,进而提高整个系统纤维检出设备的清除效率.之后对计算结果进行分析,提出了两种经过结构优化的改进模型,并分析了其内部流场.     

拉伸应变率对20钢层裂特性的影响

采用轻气炮加载技术和激光速度干涉(VISAR)测速技术相结合,对不同拉伸应变率条件下20钢的层裂特性进行了实验研究。通过改变飞片和样品的几何尺寸来调整拉伸应变率的大小,研究了拉伸应变率对20钢层裂强度的影响。实验的拉伸应变率的变化范围为104~106 s-1,最大拉伸应变率接近激光加载所能产生的拉伸应变率,相比激光加载,薄飞片技术容易保证一维应变条件。实验结果显示20钢的层裂特性明显依赖着拉伸应变率的大小,106 s-1条件下层裂强度比104 s-1时提高近70%。基于对数值计算结果的分析,讨论了影响层裂强度的主要外载荷因素。     

计算钝感炸药爆轰过程的一种新反应率模型

根据钝感炸药爆轰过程中含有激化过程和慢反应,建立了一种新的反应率模型。与其他反应率模型相比,这种反应率模型可以应用于较粗的网格。在每厘米50个网格条件下,炸药驱动铝飞片和钽飞片的自由面计算结果与实验结果很接近。同时,应用此反应率模型计算了钝感炸药驱动LiF过程,在每厘米50个网格的条件下,炸药与LiF间速度的计算值同实验值接近,且误差随网格尺寸变小而变小。这些表明,此反应率模型能够在较粗的网格条件下,比较准确地描述钝感炸药驱动飞片过程,有利于在工程实际中应用。     

表面力仪的改进及超薄膜流变特性的实验研究

在对原表面力仪进行较大改进的基础上 ,以 5 0 0 SN基础油和十六烷为研究对象 ,进行了超薄膜流变特性的实验研究 .结果表明 :在超薄膜润滑条件下 ,5 0 0 SN和十六烷均表现出明显的非牛顿剪切响应 ,即剪切稀释现象 ;摩擦力幅值随剪切速度的增大急剧上升到最大值 ,然后下降至某一固定值附近并产生波动 ;剪切挤压下的临界膜厚小于静态挤压的临界膜厚 ,剪切运动对吸附层有序结构产生破坏作用     

建筑结构最优阻尼及最优配置研究

利用阻尼来抗震是建筑物最简单的抗震方法,当在阻尼数目少于楼层数时,为使所布置的阻尼达到最优的抗震效果,本文开发了两种最优阻尼配置方法。第一种方法是根据临界激励法确定计算所有可能布置位置中的临界阻尼,选择最小的临界阻尼位置作为最优配置。第二种方法则是根据给定阻尼,计算最优控制效果以确定最优阻尼配置。然后根据实代码遗传算法,在结构抗震效果基本保证的前提下,寻找最优阻尼以降低结构总的阻尼增量。最后给出了一个计算实例。     

Numerical Solution and Sensitivity Analysis of Pore Liquid Pressure and Cake Porosity to Model Parameters

Filter cake formation is important in groundwater and oil wells where drilling contains suspended mud particles. The accumulation of these mud particles on the borehole wall creates a pressure drop in the well. Furthermore, the migration of colloidal particles into adjacent porous rock could damage the formation and cause productivity decline. In this study, numerical solutions for pore liquid pressure variation across the cake with variable total stress and associated porosity variation are obtained. Mass equations for captured and suspended particles are averaged along the mud cake thickness, taking into account conditions on the cake surface and at the filter septum. The variability of total stress in soil consolidations problem is considered to determine the pore liquid pressure along the mud cake thickness. Then, the relation between porosity and pressure is studied to determine the mud cake porosity. Experimental data obtained by various researchers is used to compare and test the validity of numerical solutions to develop guidelines for model applications. Results show that the pore liquid pressure increases with the decrease of membrane impedance value (i.e. less pervious membrane). Also, the pressure profile has a cubic function of dimensionless cake thickness. The conclusions from the sensitivity analysis conducted in this study agree with earlier conclusions.     

Rheological properties of network models with configuration-dependent creation and loss rates

A numerical stochastic approach allows the exact solution of the convection equation arising in network theories. We now want to show the flexibility and the limits of this approach by studying the rheological properties of different kinds of models.