Some Reactions of 5-(3 or 4-Pyridyl)-1,3,4-Oxadiazoles with Amines and Hydrazines

2-Amino-and 2-hydrazino-5-(3 or 4-pyridyl)-1, 3, 4-oxadiazoles [II_i-k] have been prepared by racting 2-chloro derivatives with the corresponding amines or hydrazines, the 2-hydrazino (II_i-k) compounds that obtained were heated with carbon disulphide and alcoholic potassium hydroxide where 5-(3 or 4-pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazolo (2,3-C)-1,2,4-triazole 5-thione (III_a-c) were obtained, the given structures were biologically screened.     

Synthesis,Mass Spectrometric Studies,and Biological Evaluation of 3,5-Dimethoxyhomophthalic Acid and Related Compounds

3,5-Dimethoxyhomophthalic acid was synthesized in four steps from 3,5-dimethoxycinnamic acid via a series of reactions including cyclization of 3-(3',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)propionic acid to 5,7-dimethoxy-1-indanone and oxidative decomposition of methyl-2-hydroxy-2-[5,7-dimethyoxy-1-oxo-1H-inden-2(3H)-ylidene]acetate to 3,5-dimethoxyhomophthalic acid.The synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis,IR,1H NMR,and MS.The biological evaluation experiments of 3,5-dimthoxyhomophthalic acid and the related synthesized compounds were also carried out.Naturally occurring biologically active isocoumarins were prepared in a single step by the condensation of the homophthalic acid with appropriate acid chlorides.     

Rasch模型在“化学键”概念教学评价中的应用研究

运用Rasch模型探查高二学生对"化学键"概念的认知情况，运用Conquest软件和Winsteps软件对测试结果进行分析。结果表明：基于Rasch模型编制的测试卷能客观有效地检测学生对"化学键"概念的理解，为一线教师的有效教学提供学情基础。     

Information content of data and variables and types of weighting in least-squares regression methods

Algorithms are given for evaluating the relative amount of useful information related to a particular parameter which is carried by individual data points and intervals of the variables. The algorithms provide an efficient means of using the information contained in a set of data. Applications to the optimization of weighting in regression methods are described. Several informational and combined informational-statistical types of weighting are studied as a means of improving the accuracy and precision of the parameters obtained by non-linear regression.     

Advances in two-dimensional GC with glass capillary columns

A versatile two-dimensional gas chromatograph is described, consisting of 2 separate ovens, one intermediate trap, an auxiliary inlet, and the necessary hardware to effect off-line switching according to the principle of Deans. The unit has been designed for use with high resolution glass capillary columns. The performance of individual instrumental components was critically evaluated. Results showed that low dead volume glass to metal connections were required in the manifold and detector lines to minimize extra-column effects. The mass of the intermediate trap must be low to allow rapid heating. Operational parameters are discussed and examples of some applications are shown.     

治理塑料废弃物新技术途径探讨--专论可降解塑料的研究开发

综述了可降解塑料的研究开发现状及其进展。可降解塑料的降解时控性研究，合成，加工工艺改进以及降低成本的研究，可控光－生物降解的合成降解性研究和一次性使用塑料实用性研究，仍是今后需要深入探讨的重要研究课题。     

A quantitative evaluation of the electrostatic theory for ion pair chromatography

Summary A quantitative model for ion pair chromatography based on the electrostatic theory is described. The model is based on the solution of the linearised Poisson-Boltzmann equation in a cylinder. The obtained equations are compared with experimental data from a number of different systems. The agreement between theory and experiments is satisfactorily. Systematic deviations due to the use of the linearised equation and ion correlation effects are discussed.     

出租车司机社会贡献评价方法研究

出租车司机的社会贡献对于促进城市经济发展和社会进步具有重要的作用,评价出租车司机的社会贡献是激励出租车司机多做社会贡献的重要手段。为了评价出租车司机的社会贡献,本文提出了一种基于实际出租车运营数据的评价方法。本文设计了运营特性、重点区域、恶劣天气、大事件四个体现司机社会贡献的指标,以此构建了出租车司机社会贡献评价指标体系,进而选用了主观赋权法G1法和客观赋权法拉开档次法相结合的赋权方式对指标赋权,并选择四种评价信息集结方法建立了出租车司机社会贡献评价模型。最后,通过实际的出租车运营数据验证了本方法的可行性。本文为评价出租车司机社会贡献提供了一种研究思路和方法,并对政府政策的制定和企业策略的实施具有一定的启示。     

一般工商业零售电价套餐适应性评估与优化方法

在电力体制改革的大背景下,合理评估零售电价套餐适应性,对控制电网经营风险和推进售电侧改革有重要意义。针对我国电力市场以及一般工商业的特点,首先从竞争、用户以及市场环境角度出发建立了一般工商业零售电价套餐评估指标体系;其次将层次分析法和改进的灰色白化权函数相结合,对电价套餐进行适应性评估;最后针对该评估方法建立了基于蚁群算法的优化模型,以最小成本得到提高电价套餐适应性等级的优化方案,并验证了该方法具有良好的鲁棒性,具有一定的参考意义。     

Generalized evaluation subgroups of product spaces relative to a factor

For any -complexes and , we show that . We use this fact to compute generalized evaluation subgroups of generalized tori relative to a sphere.