Full-Duplex Link Providing Alternative Wired and Wireless Broadband Access for the Wavelength-Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Network with a Uniform Converged Signal Format

Abstract

A full-duplex link implementing alternative wired and wireless access for wavelength-division multiplexing passive optical network is proposed with the uniformed three-tone converged optical signal, which provides a wired or wireless downlink access signal alternatively and an uplink optical carrier. The uplink optical carrier reversed by the converged optical signal makes the hybrid optical node unit free from the optical source. The simulation results show that the full-duplex link with a 10-Gb/s 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) downstream and 5 Gb/s binary upstream can provide both wired access with a bit-error rate below 10^?9 and radio-over-fiber-based wireless access with a bit-error rate below 10^?7 over 40 km of fiber without an optical source and optical amplifier in the hybrid optical node unit.     

Charging and absorption characteristics of small particulates under alternative and electrostatic voltages in an electrostatic precipitator

The charge quantity of small particulates such as PM2.5 plays a key role in the collection efficiency of an electrostatic precipitator（ESP）. Under a single electrostatic voltage, it is difficult to charge and absorb small particulates. A new method of superimposing an alternative voltage on the electrostatic voltage is provided in this paper. Characteristics of small particulates are analyzed under alternative and electrostatic voltages. It is demonstrated that an alternative voltage can significantly improve the collection efficiency in three aspects： preventing anti-corona, increasing the charge quantity of small particulates, and increasing the median particulate size by electric agglomeration. In addition, practical usage with the superposition of alternative voltage is provided, and the results are in agreement with the theoretical analysis.     

Fuzzy stability of quadratic-cubic functional equations

In this paper, the direct method and the fixed point alternative method are implemented to give Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability of the functional equation

一类具有两个固定端点的非线性弹性梁方程的可解性

利用Leray-Schauder非线性抉择对下列非线性项含有各阶导数的弹性梁方程建立了一个存在定理:u(4)(t) f(t,u(t),u′(t),u″(t),u(t))=e(t),0≤t≤1,u(0)=u(1)=u′(0)=u′(1)=0.在材料力学中,该方程描述了两个端点固定的弹性梁的形变.我们的结论表明如果非线性项满足某种线性增长限制则该方程至少有一个解.     

Directionally differentiable multiobjective optimization involving discrete inclusions

This paper is devoted to multiobjective optimization problems involving discrete inclusions. The objective functions are assumed to be directionally differentiable and the domination structure is defined by a closed convex cone. The directional derivatives are not assumed to be linear or convex. Several concepts of optimal solutions are analyzed, and the corresponding necessary conditions are obtained as well in maximum principle form. As an application of the main results, a maximum principle is also derived for multiobjective optimization with extremalvalue fucctions involving discrete inclusions.The authors are indebted to the referee for detailed comments.The paper was written while the second author was visiting the laboratory of Prof. S. Suzuki, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan.     

An extension of the conditional likelihood ratio test to the general multiparameter case

In a set-up, where both the interest parameter and the nuisance parameter are possibly multi-dimensional and global parametric orthogonality may not hold, we suggest a test that is superior to the usual likelihood ratio test with regard to second-order local maximinity. The test can be motivated from the principles of conditional and adjusted likelihood.     

Duality and saddle-point type optimality for generalized nonlinear fractional programming

In this paper, we establish two theorems of alternative with generalized subconvexlikeness. We introduce two dual models for a generalized fractional programming problem. Theorems of alternative are then applied to establish duality theorems and a saddle-point type optimality condition.     

OPTIONS FOR THE REGULATION OF MEDITERRANEAN DEMERSAL FISHERIES

Research and management actions are reviewed with respect to demersal fisheries of the Mediterranean since the Second World War, as reflected in the activities of the General Fisheries Council for the Mediterranean, (GFCM). The scientific background to the priority concern expressed for minimum size limits in the 1960's and 1970's is discussed, and in particular, the mesh selectivity experiments that formed the basis for yield per recruit calculations, with respect to the trawl fishery. More recent considerations, changing our perception of the appropriateness of size at first capture of demersal fish as a management tool in trawl fisheries, are reviewed. It is concluded that for multispecies fisheries where the first priority for fishing effort control is not respected, size limits based on size at maturity, rather than yield per recruit criteria, are more feasible, but that changes in mesh size need to take into account subsequent changes in equity between inshore and offshore fleets, and changes in species composition and areas of distribution during the life history. They also need to consider the high landed value of small fish in many Mediterranean fisheries. Alternative, or supplementary, measures to mesh size regulation that affect capture of small fish are also reviewed, including seasonal closures, closed areas, bans on trawling inshore, and regulations on minimum size at sale. A range of problems to be considered prior to deciding on an increase in mesh size are reviewed, including changes in total effort exerted, changes in increases in fishing power (and especially the impacts on the spawning stock), changes in discard rate, “meshing” of small fish, and indirect mortality during fishing. A strategy for introducing new mesh sizes is suggested, with emphasis, where possible, on the experimental approach, and on supplementary measures to control fishing effort. The paper concludes by considering an alternative paradigm to minimum size regulation for demersal fisheries management; namely, the exploitation of juvenile fish, with provision for escapement of a small proportion of large, mature fish offshore, for which exploitation rate declines and remains low. It is suggested that this strategy may be, de facto, the one prevailing in the small mesh size inshore trawl fishery prior to development of offshore fisheries. The implications of this possibility have to be considered seriously if high effort levels are to be maintained while effective size limits are raised.     

An exact duality theory for semidefinite programming and its complexity implications

In this paper, an exact dual is derived for Semidefinite Programming (SDP), for which strong duality properties hold without any regularity assumptions. Its main features are: (i) The new dual is an explicit semidefinite program with polynomially many variables and polynomial size coefficient bitlengths. (ii) If the primal is feasible, then it is bounded if and only if the dual is feasible. (iii) When the primal is feasible and bounded, then its optimum value equals that of the dual, or in other words, there is no duality gap. Further, the dual attains this common optimum value. (iv) It yields a precise theorem of the alternative for semidefinite inequality systems, i.e. a characterization of theinfeasibility of a semidefinite inequality in terms of thefeasibility of another polynomial size semidefinite inequality. The standard duality for linear programming satisfies all of the above features, but no such explicit gap-free dual program of polynomial size was previously known for SDP, without Slater-like conditions being assumed. The dual is then applied to derive certain complexity results for SDP. The decision problem of Semidefinite Feasibility (SDFP), which asks to determine if a given semidefinite inequality system is feasible, is the central problem of interest, he complexity of SDFP is unknown, but we show the following: (i) In the Turing machine model, the membership or nonmembership of SDFP in NP and Co-NP is simultaneous; hence SDFP is not NP-Complete unless NP=Co-NP. (ii) In the real number model of Blum, Shub and Smale, SDFP is in NP∩CoNP.     

Indecomposable Representations of the Superalgebra B(1,2)

Finite-dimensional indecomposable superbimodules over the superalgebra B(1,2) are treated. We propound a method for constructing indecomposable alternative superbimodules over B(1,2) containing a given socle (such can be presented by any irreducible module over B(1,2)). The method is based on adding on the Jordan basis. Also, for the characteristic 3 case, we give examples of Jordan indecomposable superbimodules which are not alternative.