Adsorption of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution by hazelnut husk activated carbon prepared with potassium acetate

Hazelnut husk (HH), an agricultural waste, was converted to carbonaceous material by chemical activation using potassium acetate. The produced activated carbon (KAHHAC) was characterized by FTIR, SEM, N₂ adsorption–desorption experiments, CHN elemental analysis, and determination of moisture, ash, and point of zero charge. KAHHAC was used for the batch adsorption of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions. Optimum pH and contact time were found to be 5.0 and 240 minutes, respectively. The adsorption equilibrium data were described well by the Langmuir equation providing 105.3?mg?g^?1 Cu(II) adsorption capacity. The pseudo-second-order model successfully described the kinetic of Cu(II) adsorption by KAHHAC. The adsorbed Cu(II) onto KAHHAC was completely desorbed by 0.5?M nitric acid. In conclusion, HH activated carbon (AC) produced by the potassium acetate activation method is a very useful and efficient sorbent material for the removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solution.     

土壤-植物系统中的汞污染与农产品安全生产

对农产品的汞污染及其安全生产问题作了综述，内容包括：汞在土壤．植物系统中的循环，汞污染对农产品安全生产的威胁与对策措施，例如，可利用植物生物技术选育低积累汞的作物基因型、采取植物修复及相应的农艺措施，以进行有效的农产品安全生产与调控，减小环境中过量的汞对土壤．植物系统和食物链造成的危害，最终保障人体的健康。     

基因工程抗体在微囊藻毒素检测分析中的应用研究

微囊藻毒素是蓝藻水华过程中产生的一类小分子多肽生物毒素,能对人和动物的肝脏造成严重损伤,属于2B类致癌物质。由于全球性工业和生活废水的大量排放以及气候变暖等现实因素,蓝藻水华现象日趋频繁和加剧,使得微囊藻毒素在水体和土壤中大量蓄积,严重威胁生态环境和农产品质量安全。基于"抗体-抗原"识别原理的免疫学检测方法是当前生物毒素快速检测研究的热点,近年抗体创制技术突飞猛进,现已从传统的多克隆抗体和单克隆抗体逐渐发展到了新型的基因工程人工抗体创制阶段。该文系统阐述了微囊藻毒素产生的内外因素及其对生态系统、人和动物的主要危害风险;全面梳理了基因工程抗体创制技术及其在微囊藻毒素检测应用研究上的最新进展;并结合作者及所在科研团队最新研究成果,深入探讨了基因工程抗体在微囊藻毒素检测应用上的发展趋势、存在的问题以及拟解决的对策。     

Spectrofluorimetric determination of thiabendazole in a micellar medium

A sensitive, selective Spectrofluorimetric method has been developed for the determination of thiabendazole in a sodium dodecylsulphate micellar medium. The method features a linear determination range of 0.020-15 g and a detection limit of 0.2 ng/ml, with a relative standard deviation of less than 3%. By using a straightforward extraction procedure with ethyl acetate and hydrochloric acid, the method provided average thiabendazole recoveries above 96% from apple, pear and potato samples.     

Characterization of Wastes from Olive and Sugarbeet Processing Industries and Effects of Their Application upon the Organic Fraction of Agricultural Soils

Abstract

The lipidic fraction compositions of both concentrated vinasses, a by-product of the sugar industry, and a compost made basically from olive oil vegetation waters (alpechin) were studied. The alpechin lipids are composed mainly by series of n-alkanes and lineal and branched fatty acids, whereas the major lipids in vinasses were n-alkanes, n-alkanols and acetals. Concentrations and composition of lipids in both materials do not seem of concern.

Preliminary results on the effects of the application of both materials over two years on the organic status of an agricultural soil are also reported. No significant changes were observed in total organic carbon and contents in humic fractions and lipids before and after the applications. However, analysis by GC-MS of the lipid compounds present in bound forms in the subsoil layer revealed that some hydrophobic components were accumulated in the soil following the waste applications.     

基于供应链协同的生鲜农产品订货策略研究

针对生鲜农产品易变质易损耗的特点,提出了一种基于CPFR的供应链协同运作模式,实现信息共享,协同计划、预测与补货,协同集中决策机制.然后以多家供应商、一家批发商和多家零售商构成的生鲜农产品供应链系统为例,分析了库存损耗随时间和库存量变化,允许缺货,且由批发商协同集中订货的订货策略.     

N-(O,S-二甲基硫代磷酰基)α-L-氨基酸酯的合成及其杀虫活性

从α-L-氨基酸酯在摩尔级高产率制备了光学纯N-(O,S-二甲基硫代磷酰基)α-L-氨基酸酯. 利用IR,1H-NMR,摩尔旋光鉴定了结构特征,利用生物测试法研究了杀虫活性.4 种活性氨基酸杀虫剂在0.01% ～0.001% 浓度内,它们对两令棉铃虫的触杀死亡率为100% ～80% ,胃杀死亡率为95% ～50% ,而且杀虫活性有随活性氨基酸杀虫剂分子中R-基团碳链增长而增强的趋势.     

Synthesis of Cationic and Ampholytic Starch Graft Acrylamide and their Aqueous Salt Absorption

Acrylamide was grafted onto starch using ceric(IV) ion as initiator. Starch–graft-polyacrylamide was then modified through Mannich reaction using formaldehyde and diethylamine to give poly(N, N′-[(diethylamino) methyl]-acrylamide). The modified-graft copolymer was quaternized using different reagents; methyl iodide, n-butylbromide, sodium chloroacetate and propane sultone to give cationic and ampholytic graft materials. The absorbing properties of the produced materials toward deionized water and aqueous salt solutions were investigated. Studies of the absorbing properties of polyampholytes have revealed that these materials do not shrink upon increasing salt concentration. Kinetics of swelling in deionized water is also discussed.     

分散固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定农产品中乙拌磷及其代谢物

基于超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UHPLC-MS/MS)建立定量分析乙拌磷及其5个代谢物(乙拌磷砜、乙拌磷亚砜、内吸磷-S、内吸磷-S-砜、内吸磷-S-亚砜)的方法,应用该方法分析其在农产品(豌豆、芦笋、小麦、咖啡豆和花生)中的残留量。对样品前处理及色谱条件进行优化,样品经过乙腈涡旋提取(小麦、咖啡豆和花生先加水润湿),经盐析分层,取上清液经50 mg C₁₈、50 mg PSA和50 mg NH₂混合分散固相萃取净化后,经Thermo Syncronis C₁₈色谱柱(150 mm×2.1 mm, 5 μm)分离,柱温40 ℃,进样量2 μL,以水和乙腈为流动相梯度洗脱后,采用ESI源,在正离子扫描和多反应监测(MRM)模式下检测,外标法定量。结果表明,乙拌磷及其代谢物在2.0~200.0 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(R²)≥0.9981。方法的检出限(LOD)为0.02~2.0 μg/kg,并以最小添加水平5 μg/kg为定量限(LOQ)。乙拌磷及其代谢物在豌豆、芦笋、小麦、咖啡豆和花生中5、100、1000 μg/kg 3个添加水平下的平均回收率为75.0%~110.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.7%~14.9%,方法的准确度和精密度符合农药残留测定。应用建立的方法对市售的40份小麦样品和40份花生样品进行检测,均低于方法的检出限。该方法具有操作简单、快速、灵敏、准确的特点,适用于谷物、油料、蔬菜等多种农产品中乙拌磷及其代谢物的残留检测。