Insights from polymer crystallization: Chirality,recognition and competition

Polymer crystallization process far from equilibrium is in practically minimization of the system free energy in local space and finite time, leading to formation of twisted crystals, metastable polymorphism and lamellar crystals with finite thickness. Though each molecule is blind to others, the peculiar ordered configurations with stronger long-range interactions are chosen from the enormous random trials.     

Blue phase liquid crystal phase transition for cyano compound chiral nematic liquid crystal mixtures with three two-ring core structures and chiral dopant concentrations

Blue phase (BP) temperature range of a chiral nematic liquid crystal (LC) mixture is dependent upon the host nematic LC chemical structure and chiral dopant concentration. In this study, we investigated BP phase transition behaviour and helical twisting power (HTP) using three chiral dopant concentrations of cyano compound chiral nematic LC mixtures incorporating three two-ring core structures in the host nematic LCs. The effect of the host nematic LC core structure, HTP and chiral dopant concentrations were considered on BP temperature ranges, for two types of complete BPI and BPII without isotropic phase (Iso) and two types of coexistence state of BPI+Iso and BPII+Iso.     

弯扭耦合振动对次同步谐振响应的影响

建立了考虑弯扭耦合作用时 ,大型气轮发电机组转子轴系与电网耦合次同步谐振 ( SSR)的 1 9维非线性模型。运用数值方法 ,确定系统平衡位置稳定性的转变点 ,着重分析了在不同偏心条件下 ,弯曲振动与扭转振动之间的相互影响 ,同时给出了轴系弯曲刚度对系统稳定性的影响 ,证明在正常情况下 ,由偏心引起的弯扭耦合作用是非常弱的 ,可以不予考虑     

Epitaxy and lamellar twisting in transcrystalline polyethylene

The aim of this study was to investigate the micro structure of the transcrystalline interphase, obtained under isothermal conditions, in polyethylene-based single-polymer microcomposites. Analysis of the angular distribution of intensity in the X-ray diffraction patterns, obtained from transcrystalline layers of varying thickness, indicate that the transcrystalline growth most probably starts epitaxially with the c-axis of the orthorhombic unit cell aligned in the fiber axis direction. In the growth stage that follows, the lamellae twist as the crystals grow outward from the fiber surface, with the c-axis exhibiting variable angles with respect to the fiber axis for different transcrystalline layer thicknesses. The calculations based on the X-ray diffraction results, suggest that the pitch of the lamellar twist is 28.6 micrometers. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35 : 2429–2433, 1997     

ø300 mm直拉硅单晶生长过程中的变晶现象及其影响因素

直拉法生长直径300 mm硅单晶过程中,直径均匀是获得高品质硅单晶的关键。在生产实践中发现,当硅晶体进入等径生长阶段,过高的提拉速度会引起晶体发生扭晶现象,导致晶线断裂随即变晶,对等径生长不利。本文采用数值模拟和理论相结合的方法分析了ø300 mm硅单晶生长过程中扭晶现象的成因,建立了不同提拉速度下晶体直径与熔体温度分布的关系,分析了晶体发生扭晶的影响因素。结果表明,随着提拉速度的增加,熔体自由表面产生过冷区且该过冷区随提拉速度的增加不断扩大,过冷区的产生是导致晶体发生扭晶的主要原因。提出了一种基于有限元热场数值模拟的最大稳定提拉速度的判别方法,并给出了通过改变晶体旋转速度来改善熔体自由表面温度分布的工艺措施建议,从而避免晶体扭晶现象的发生。研究结果对设计大尺寸硅单晶生长热场具有一定的指导作用。     

Mechanical Motion of Chiral Azobenzene Crystals with Twisting upon Photoirradiation

The photomechanical motion of chiral crystals of trans‐azobenzene derivatives with an (S)‐ and (R)‐phenylethylamide group was investigated and compared with a racemic crystal. Changes in the UV/Vis absorption spectra of the powdered crystals before and after UV irradiation were measured by using an optical waveguide spectrometer, showing that the lifetime of the cis‐to‐trans thermal back‐isomerization of the chiral crystals was faster than that of the racemic crystals. Upon UV irradiation, a long plate‐like chiral microcrystal bent away from the light source with a twisting motion. A square‐like chiral microcrystal curled toward the light with some twisting. Reversible bending of a rod‐like chiral microcrystal was repeatable over twenty‐five cycles. In contrast, bending of a plate‐like racemic microcrystal was small. A possible mechanism for the bending and twisting motion was discussed based on the optimized cis conformer determined by using calculations, showing that the bending motion with twisting is caused by elongation along the b axis and shrinkage along the a axis.     

扭杆刚度衰减问题研究的损伤力学方法

研究目的在于预估扭杆弹簧在给定扭角下储存给定年限后的剩余扭矩值。由于给定时间一般都很长,这里引用损伤力学原理进行此项研究。首先,在固定扭角(等于工作贮存扭角)的情况下进行扭转实验,得到扭矩与时间的实验曲线。然后,利用这些实验结果,以损伤力学作为理论基础,确定损伤力学中损伤演化方程的材料常数,并据此建立以扭角与材料常数为参量的扭矩与时间函数关系,绘制了相应的扭矩与时间的理论曲线。最后,预估扭杆弹簧在给定扭角下储存给定年限后的剩余扭矩值。     

Vibrations of Curved and Twisted Blades During Complex Rotation

The influence of the curving and twisting of an elongated blade on its vibrations during complex rotation is studied. It is shown that these geometrical factors may cause additional resonant vibrations__________Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 126–132, April 2005.     

Helical twisting power and compatibility in twisted nematic phase of new chiral liquid crystalline dopants with various liquid crystalline matrices

ABSTRACT

Four chiral dopants exhibiting smectic LC phases themselves were prepared and their helical twisting power (HTP) and thermal phase behaviour in mixtures with four various LC hosts were studied. The influence of host liquid crystal on HTP was evaluated and generally higher values were found for hosts with high birefringence. Unexpectedly, high enhancement was found for an LC-chiral dopant pair, both having a similar aromatic core – biphenyl ring substituted with polar group. All studied chiral dopants exhibited limited compatibility with the LC hosts in twisted nematic phase at room temperature. For one of the studied mixtures, it was able to obtain single twisted nematic phase with selective light reflection band with maximum at wavelength about 1.0 µm. Carboxylic acid-type dopants exhibited total compatibility with the studied host in single twisted nematic phase at elevated temperatures, allowing preparation of mixtures with reflection band in the visible range. In case of the carboxylic acid dopants, blue phases for optimised compositions were observed. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding between carboxylic acid proton and pyridine nitrogen of chiral dopants was found. Doping the LC host with these dopants led to slight enhancement of HTP value and higher solubility in the LC host.