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21.
Parrondo’s paradox [J.M.R. Parrondo, G.P. Harmer, D. Abbott, New paradoxical games based on Brownian ratchets, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 (2000), 5226–5229] (see also [O.E. Percus, J.K. Percus, Can two wrongs make a right? Coin-tossing games and Parrondo’s paradox, Math. Intelligencer 24 (3) (2002) 68–72]) states that two losing gambling games when combined one after the other (either deterministically or randomly) can result in a winning game: that is, a losing game followed by a losing game = a winning game. Inspired by this paradox, a recent study [J. Almeida, D. Peralta-Salas, M. Romera, Can two chaotic systems give rise to order? Physica D 200 (2005) 124–132] asked an analogous question in discrete time dynamical system: can two chaotic systems give rise to order, namely can they be combined into another dynamical system which does not behave chaotically? Numerical evidence is provided in [J. Almeida, D. Peralta-Salas, M. Romera, Can two chaotic systems give rise to order? Physica D 200 (2005) 124–132] that two chaotic quadratic maps, when composed with each other, create a new dynamical system which has a stable period orbit. The question of what happens in the case of random composition of maps is posed in [J. Almeida, D. Peralta-Salas, M. Romera, Can two chaotic systems give rise to order? Physica D 200 (2005) 124–132] but left unanswered. In this note we present an example of a dynamical system where, at each iteration, a map is chosen in a probabilistic manner from a collection of chaotic maps. The resulting random map is proved to have an infinite absolutely continuous invariant measure (acim) with spikes at two points. From this we show that the dynamics behaves in a nearly ordered manner. When the foregoing maps are applied one after the other, deterministically as in [O.E. Percus, J.K. Percus, Can two wrongs make a right? Coin-tossing games and Parrondo’s paradox, Math. Intelligencer 24 (3) (2002) 68–72], the resulting composed map has a periodic orbit which is stable. 相似文献
22.
Jeffrey Goldstein 《Nonlinear dynamics, psychology, and life sciences》2001,5(3):197-204
This article examines recent attempts to gain insight into philosophical paradoxes through using NDS models employing iterated difference equations and resulting phase portraits and escape time diagrams. The temporal nature of such models is contrasted with an alternative approach based on the a-temporal and non-dynamical construct of a lattice. Finally, there is a discussion of how such strategies for understanding paradox transcend the realm of empirical research and enter territory in the philosophy of mathematics. 相似文献
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24.
Zdzis?aw Meglicki 《Physics letters. A》2011,375(27):2606-2616
We discuss Hardy?s paradox and weak measurements by using multitasking diagrams, which are introduced to illustrate the progress of quantum probabilities through the double interferometer system. We explain how Hardy?s paradox is avoided and elaborate on the outcome of weak measurements in this context. 相似文献
25.
By using the discrete Markov chain method, Parrondo’s paradox is studied by means of theoretical analysis and computer simulation, built on the case of game AB played in alternation with modulus M=4. We find that such a case does not have a definite stationary probability distribution and that payoffs of the game depend on the parity of the initial capital. Besides, this paper reveals the phenomenon that “processing in order produces non-deterministic results, while a random process produces deterministic results”. The quantum game method is used in a further study. The results show that the explanation of the game corresponding to a stationary probability distribution is that the probability of the initial capital has reached parity. 相似文献
26.
27.
Qin-wei Shi Zheng-fei Wang Qun-xiang Li Jin-long Yang 《Frontiers of Physics in China》2009,4(3):373-377
An armchair graphene nanoribbon switch has been designed based on the principle of the Klein paradox. The resulting switch
displays an excellent on-off ratio performance. An anomalous tunneling phenomenon, in which electrons do not pass through
the graphene nanoribbon junction even when the conventional resonance condition is satisfied, is observed in our numerical
simulations. A selective tunneling rule is proposed to explain this interesting transport behavior based on our analytical
results. Based on this selective rule, our switch design can also achieve the confinement of an electron to form a quantum
qubit.
相似文献
28.
应用复变函数方法,通过构造复函数形式的特解序列,从理论上研究了顶端受集中力偶的双材料平面界面接合楔体的应力场,给出了相应的经典解,发现其存在一次和二次佯谬,相应的应力具有(Inr)/r2和(In2r)/r2的奇异性。 相似文献
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30.
G. Chen M.-M. He J.-Q. Li J.-Q. Liang 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2006,51(1):25-27
In this paper we investigate entanglement between the nuclear
spin and field mode in a GaAs semiconductor. The eigenfuctions of nuclear spin
in the quantized external field are obtained and thus the von Neumann
entropy is evaluated explicitly. It is shown that the von Neumann entropy
monotonously increases with the spin-field coupling constant but
monotonously decreases with the anisotropy energy. 相似文献