重力场与静电场特点的比较

“场”是一种客观存在的物质，但由于“场”具有不易直接感受的特殊存在形态，同学们对“场”的物质性的理解不够深刻，解决“场”的相关问题时也感到棘手．笔者就高中阶段最典型的两种场——“重力场”和“静电场”的力学性质与能量特点进行比较，使同学们对“场”的概念有更深刻的认识．     

微型网状结构支架的力学性能研究

冠状动脉支架为圆柱形微型网状结构，直径1mm，厚度0．1mm，长度10～16mm。在经皮冠状动脉介入PCI治疗中由球囊充气撑开到直径为2．5～3．5mm的支架，在血管内承受血管壁回弹压力。为了保持血液流通支架必须保持其几何圆形。这是一个结构弹塑性稳定性问题。但是目前国际上对于支架的力学性能质量指标主要以强度性能评定而不涉及支架屈曲性能是不妥的。本文对于支架的强度和屈曲性能进行了全面的理论分析和实验研究，自行研制了智能式电子检测仪成功地对微型网状结构支架的强度和屈曲性能实现了实测实验研究。由于微型支架的离散型网状结构的特点，在实验中出现一些特殊的屈曲现象。本文研究结果对于支架的形状与性能设计的改进和力学性能质量标准规范的制订具有重要意义。     

Basins of Attraction of Periodic Oscillations in Suspension Bridges

We consider the dynamics of the lowest order transversal vibration mode of a suspension bridge, for which the hangers are treated as one-sided springs, according to the model of Lazer and McKeena [SIAM Review 58, 1990, 537]. We analyze in particular the multi-stability of periodic attractors and the basin of attraction structure in phase space and its dependence with the model parameters. The parameter values used in numerical simulations have been estimated from a number of bridges built in the United States and in the United Kingdom, thus taking into account realistic, yet sometimes simplified, structural, aerodynamical, and physical considerations.     

Calculation of impulsively started incompressible viscous flows

The paper's focus is the calculation of unsteady incompressible 2D flows past airfoils. In the framework of the primitive variable Navier–Stokes equations, the initial and boundary conditions must be assigned so as to be compatible, to assure the correct prediction of the flow evolution. This requirement, typical of all incompressible flows, viscous or inviscid, is often violated when modelling the flow past immersed bodies impulsively started from rest. Its fulfillment can however be restored by means of a procedure enforcing compatibility, consisting in a pre‐processing of the initial velocity field, here described in detail. Numerical solutions for an impulsively started multiple airfoil have been obtained using a finite element incremental projection method. The spatial discretization chosen for the velocity and pressure are of different order to satisfy the inf–sup condition and obtain a smooth pressure field. Results are provided to illustrate the effect of employing or not the compatibility procedure, and are found in good agreement with those obtained with a non‐primitive variable solver. In addition, we introduce a post‐processing procedure to evaluate an alternative pressure field which is found to be more accurate than the one resulting from the projection method. This is achieved by considering an appropriate ‘unsplit’ version of the momentum equation, where the velocity solution of the projection method is substituted. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Damage and fracture evaluation of granular composite materials by digital image correlation method

This paper presents the applications of digital image correlation technique to the mesoscopic damage and fracture study of some granular based composite materials including steelfiber reinforced concrete, sandstone and crystal-polymer composite. The deformation fields of the composite materials resulted from stress localization were obtained by the correlation computation of the surface images with loading steps and thus the related damage prediction and fracture parameters were evaluated. The correlation searching could be performed either directly based on the gray levels of the digital images or from the wavelet transform (WT) coefficients of the transform spectrum. The latter was developed by the authors and showed higher resolution and sensitivity to the singularity detection. Because the displacement components came from the rough surfaces of the composite materials without any coats of gratings or fringes of optical interferometry, both surface profiles and the deformation fields of the composites were visualized which was helpful to compare each other to analyze the damage of those heterogeneous materials. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10125211 and 10072002), the Scientific Committee of Yunnan Province for the Program of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete, and the Institute of Chemical Materials, CAEP at Mianyang     

Modification of Spatial Coherence by Means of Low-Order Zernike-Mode Adaptive Optics

Spatial coherence of the field modified by low-order adaptive optics is analyzed to establish a theoretical basis for the recent idea of using adaptive optics as a spatial coherence modifier. In this context low-order adaptive optics has the ability to correct some of the low-order aberrations specified by Zernike polynomials. The initial field to be modified is assumed to be a spatially partially coherent one resulting from phase disturbance. It is demonstrated, as in the previous study, that low-order adaptive optics serves to enhance the spatial coherence of the resultant field and that the effect of the enhancement becomes stronger as the spatial coherence of the initially partially coherent field increases. Potential applications of low-order adaptive optics as a spatial coherence modifier are briefly discussed.     

Renormalization Effects in the Spectrum of a Coherently Driven Exciton–Biexciton System

Starting from the total Hamiltonian of an excited exciton–biexciton system, nonresonant renormalizations in the electronic spectrum of a coherently driven direct semiconductor are considered. Stringent group-theoretical inclusion of the particle spin in the Hamiltonian allows one to account for the dependence of different renormalization effects on polarizations of the incident laser fields. On the example of circularly polarized driving and probing pulses it is shown that the kind of observed renormalization is defined by the pump-and-probe polarization geometry. Thus, the exciton optical Stark effect must appear in the case of co-circular pump-and-probe, whereas a mixing of the polariton and biexciton spectra is possible only in the case of counter-circular pump-and-probe. The polariton--biexciton dispersion renormalization may manifest itself as synchronous splittings of the exciton--polariton and biexciton spectra under resonant pumping at a frequency of the polariton--biexciton transition, or in their shifts in opposite directions under near-resonant pumping. The mechanisms of both kinds of renormalization effects are analyzed, and the dependence of their characteristics on the pump parameters and microscopic parameters of the exciton–biexciton–photon system is established. An evaluation of the characteristics shows that the effect of polariton–biexciton dispersion renormalization dominates in the spectra of semiconductors with stable biexciton formation. Results of the theoretical study provide an adequate explanation of available experimental data.     

共轴均匀带电薄圆盘间的相互作用力

本文利用静电场的高斯定律和环路定律巧妙地求出了均匀带电圆盘在空间任一点所产生的电场 ,进而计算出了共轴均匀带电薄圆盘之间的相互作用力     

微观世界探索

论文系统地阐述了从原子、原子核到基本粒子内部结构研究的历史及现状，讨论了微观物理理论和实验研究的前景和展望．论文还阐述了微观物理与宏观物理(宇宙论和天体物理等)的结合与交叉，以无可争辨的实验事实阐明了微观世界和宏观世界的无限性．     

电磁诱导透明和导致极慢光速的机制

根据有关文献 ,描述了电磁诱导透明和导致光速极慢的物理机制 ,并对实验结果也做了介绍