Effect of Drying Methods on the Structure and Combustion Activity of Mn—Substituted Hexaaluminate Catalysts

Conventional oven drying (COD) and supercritical drying (SCD) methods were applied to the preparation of Mn-substituted hexaaluminate (BaMnA111O19-α) catalysts. The effect of drying methods on phase composition, specific surface area, pore structure, reduction behavior of Mn^3 ions, and combus-tion activity of the samples was investigated. The homogenous mixing of the components in the sol-gel process could be maintained by SCD, and the hexaaluminate phase was almost the only phase of the resulting materials after calcination. H2-TPR revealed that the Mn^3 ions in the sample obtained by SCD were easier to be reduced than that by COD. Moreover, the samples obtained by SCD have higher surface area, narrower pore size distribution, and higher combustion activity than those obtained by COD.     

超临界流体萃取法脱除云南小粒咖啡豆中咖啡因的研究及评香模型初建

 应用超临界流体萃取技术（ＳＦＥ）脱除云南小粒咖啡豆中的咖啡因，取得较好效果；采用顶空气相色谱、色／质谱手段，对ＳＦＥ处理前后的咖啡中的香味成分进行了对比分析，提出了一种用于进行咖啡香味鉴评的模型。     

国家“十五”科学仪器攻关重大项目子课题“全自动多路加温加压快速溶剂萃取仪（APSE）”通过验收

样品分析过程包括取样、样品制备与处理、分析测定、数据处理、总结报告等五个部分，通过统计发现样品处理所需时间占整个分析过程的61％，而分析测定的时间仅占6％。目前实验室所采用的样品前处理技术主要为传统的索氏提取、液．液萃取、微波萃取和超临界流体萃取等，这些技术耗时长，萃取效率低。发展高效快速的样品制备与自动化的前处理技术已成为现代分析化学研究的一个重要方向。     

关于氢在活性炭上高压吸附特性的实验研究

利用研制的大容量超级低温恒温槽,以20K为步长,首次在298K至77K,0到7MPa的大范围内系统地研究了氢在活性炭上的吸附特性。采用容积法测定了氢在AX-21活性炭上的一组吸/脱附等温线。通过将该组数据拟合到描述I-型等温线的诸理论模型,发现Dubinin-Astakhov方程在整个实验范围内与实验数据较好地吻合。由非线性回归定出的参数值,使该方程可以±4％的误差预测吸附量。根据该模型作出了三维吸附面,并解析地计算出等量吸附热。除低压部分外,计算值与实验值符合良好。最后讨论了D-A方程在超临界领域遇到的问题。     

超临界流体萃取-胶束电动毛细管色谱法分离测定大黄中蒽醌类组分的含量

采用ＳＴＥ－ＭＥＣＣ法分离测定大黄中的芦荟大黄素，大黄素和大黄酸。萃取条件为压 力４１．４ＭＰａ，温度５０℃，改性剂量０．４ｍＬ。被测组分在１０ｍｉｎ得到全部分离。本法准确、简 便、快速、结果令人满意。     

纳米级TiO_2粉体的制备研究Ⅰ.pH值的影响

采用无机盐作为前驱物，利用溶胶凝胶超临界流体干燥（ＳＣＦＤ）法，制备出大孔、高比表面纳米级ＴｉＯ２超细粉。详细考察了初始水凝胶ｐＨ值对ＴｉＯ２超细粉形貌、晶相、颗粒大小、比表面积及孔结构等的影响。实验结果发现：当在酸性环境中，所制得的ＴｉＯ２超细粉的比表面积随着ｐＨ值的减小而增大；而在碱性环境中，则随着ｐＨ值的增大而增大。ＴｉＯ２超细粉的比表面积和孔体积由ｐＨ为６．５时的ＳＢＥＴ＝１４２．２ｍ２·ｇ１，ＶＰＮ＝０．４５ｃｍ３·ｇ１，增大到ｐＨ值为１３．０时的ＳＢＥＴ＝４２５．６ｍ２·ｇ１，ＶＰＮ＝１．７９ｃｍ３·ｇ１，且颗粒分布均匀狭窄，颗粒间的三维网络织构更为规整清晰。     

Oxidation of Styrene with Molecular Oxygen in Supercritical CO2

The oxidation of styrene with molecular oxygen catalyzed by PdCl2 CuCl2 has been investigated in supercritical CO2 with a batch reactor. The oxidative system of styrene contains four components at the beginning and seven components during the reaction. The critical temperature, critical pressure, and critical density at different conversions are determined by using a high-pressure view cell. The effect of phase behavior on the conversion and selectivity were studied. Experimental results showed that the critical parameters of the reaction mixture at fixed initial molar ratio changed with the conversion of reactant. The conversion of styrene reached maximum near the critical density of the reaction mixture. Product selectivity also varied with density of reaction mixture and could be tuned to some degree.     

煤的超临界醇萃取脱硫：Ⅲ.形态硫的变化

本文分别应用Ｍｏｓｓｂａｕｅｒ谱和ＸＰＳ（Ｘ射线光电子能谱）技术考察不同反应 条件下固体产物中的无机硫和有机硫的形态变化，结果表明；在超临界醇萃取脱硫过程中，黄铁矿硫的转化反应如下：ＦｅＳ２－ＦｅＳ＋Ｆｅ１－ｘＳ，，转化的数量和深度主要取决于反应温度。２７５℃时磁黄铁矿（Ｆｅ１－ｘＳ）形式为ＦｅＳ１．１０１，４５０℃时为ＦｅＳ１．０８５；有机硫基团中ＰｈＳＨ ，Ｐｈ２Ｓ和四氢噻吩较易脱除，Ｐｈ２Ｓ     

气凝胶

气凝胶是由胶体粒子或高聚物分子相互聚结构成纳米多孔网络结构，并在孔隙中充满气态分散介质的一种高分散固态材料。近来来气凝胶研究得到了很大的发展，本文对气凝胶的制备方法、结构与特性、应用前景等方面的研究进展作一简要的评述。