Enzymatic Reactions for the Calorimetric Detection of Phenolic Compounds

This study furnished results on the enzymatic detection of phenolic compounds by means of a miniaturized heat-flow calorimeter (IC-calorimeter). Two enzymes were used: tyrosinase and peroxidase. Additionally to the investigations with the IC-calorimeter, measurements were carried out with a classical reaction calorimeter (LKB 8700) for the very slow reactions with tyrosinase. By way of contrast, the reactions with peroxidase are fast and seem more suitable for sensor application. The detection limit for the investigated phenolic compounds is of the order of 1 mmol l⁻¹ . This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Endogenous arene hydroxylation promoted by copper(I) cluster helicates

A novel neutral triple-stranded hexanuclear copper(I) cluster helicate [Cu(I)(6)L(3)]·2CH(3)CN derived from a thiosemicarbazone ligand could be synthesized and crystallographically characterized. The MALDI mass spectrum of this complex suggests that the tetranuclear copper(I) cluster helicate [Cu(I)(4)L(2)] is also present in solution. These copper(I) cluster helicates are capable, in the presence of O(2), of hydroxylating the arene linker of their supporting ligand strands. The resulting dinuclear complex [Cu(II)(2)L'(OH)] is formed by two copper(II) centers, a new ligand arising from the hydroxylation reaction, and one hydroxide group. The magnetic investigation of this compound shows a strong antiferromagnetic coupling between the two Cu(II) centers. The kinetic studies for the hydroxylation process show values of ΔH(≠)=-70 kJ mol(-1), similar to those mediated by the tyrosinase enzymes.     

含三氟甲基1,2,3-三氮唑衍生物对蘑菇酪氨酸酶活性的抑制动力学(英文)

研究表明,含三氟甲基1,2,3-三氮唑衍生物(TF-TZ)对蘑菇酪氨酸酶具有很强的抑制性:不仅抑制单酚酶活性,而且对二酚酶活性也是可逆性抑制,其半抑制浓度IC50分别为30.4和34.5μmol.L-1,并且单酚酶延滞时间随着TF-TZ浓度增加而延长.TF-TZ对二酚酶的抑制为抛物线型竞争性抑制,表明一分子的酶可以和两分子的TF-TZ相结合,从而形成两种酶-抑制剂复合物:EI和EI2,其抑制常数分别为76.9和9.71μmol.L-1.紫外-可见光谱表明,TF-TZ和酶相互作用后产成特征的"肩峰",说明TF-TZ能够作用于酶的活性中心.     

Oxidative chemistry of hydroxytyrosol: isolation and characterisation of novel methanooxocinobenzodioxinone derivatives

Autoxidation or tyrosinase-catalysed oxidation of the natural antioxidant hydroxytyrosol (1) in phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 leads to the formation of two main regioisomeric products which could be isolated and identified as the novel methanooxocinobenzodioxinone derivatives 2a,b by extensive spectral analysis.     

基于硅溶胶-凝胶/褐藻酸钠复合膜包埋酪氨酸酶的苯酚传感器研制

将天然聚合物褐藻酸钠添加到无机硅溶胶-凝胶膜,获得一种新型的无机/有机杂化膜。用此杂化膜包埋酪氨酸酶,制备电化学苯酚传感器。研究表明:硅溶胶-凝胶/褐藻酸钠复合膜能有效克服纯无机溶胶-凝胶膜的脆性;避免膜的裂开;提供生物酶所适宜的微环境;有效保持所固定酶的生物活性。所制备的传感器测定苯酚的线性响应范围为3.4-93.1μmol/L,其线性回归方程i(μA)=0.0774C(μmol/L) 0.1616,r=0.9980。检出限为1.33μmol/L。     

马铃薯酪氨酸酶的性质

用硫酸铵分级沉淀、DEAE SepharoseFF和SephadexG 150柱层析,从马铃薯中分离纯化出酪氨酸酶,纯化倍数50,比活170.03U mg蛋白。SDS PAGE检测呈现一条带。分子量42KD。酶的最适pH7 5,最适温度30℃。该酶具有单酚酶和二酚酶活性,其中以邻苯二酚为底物活性最高,以L DOPA为底物Km值为3 70mmol·L-1。Hg2+、Zn2+、Fe2+为激活剂,K+、Ga2+、Mg2+是抑制剂。Ga2+为非竞争性抑制,抑制常数ki为116 8mmol·L-1,K+为竞争性抑制,抑制常数ki为10mmol·L-1。     

A Biomimetic Catalytic Aerobic Functionalization of Phenols

The importance of aromatic C? O, C? N, and C? S bonds necessitates increasingly efficient strategies for their formation. Herein, we report a biomimetic approach that converts phenolic C? H bonds into C? O, C? N, and C? S bonds at the sole expense of reducing dioxygen (O₂) to water (H₂O). Our method hinges on a regio‐ and chemoselective copper‐catalyzed aerobic oxygenation to provide ortho‐quinones. ortho‐Quinones are versatile intermediates, whose direct catalytic aerobic synthesis from phenols enables a mild and efficient means of synthesizing polyfunctional aromatic rings.     

功能化石墨烯固定酪氨酸酶修饰电极的制备、表征及其对对苯二酚的测定

酪氨酸酶通过乙二胺作为悬臂分子稳定地固定到功能化氧化石墨烯上,再将该杂化材料修饰玻碳电极表面制成新型生物传感器。酪氨酸酶固定在氧化石墨烯上的物理化学行为通过X射线光电子光谱和电化学阻抗进行表征,显示功能化氧化石墨烯可以促进固定酶的活性位点与修饰电极之间的电子传递。通过循环伏安法研究该电极的直接电化学和电催化行为,表明其电化学行为是一个直接的吸附控制氧化还原反应。在优化实验条件下,对苯二酚在3.0~200.0μmol/L浓度范围内与其氧化峰电流呈良好的线性关系,检出限(S/N=3)达1.0μmol/L。该生物传感器显示了较好的重现性、稳定性及选择性,在实际水样检测中得到良好应用。     

Anti-Melanogenic Properties of Velutin and Its Analogs

Velutin, one of the flavones contained in natural plants, has various beneficial activities, such as skin whitening, as well as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. However, the relationship between the structure of velutin and its anti-melanogenesis activity is not yet investigated. In this study, we obtained 12 velutin derivatives substituted at C5, C7, C3′, and C4′ of the flavone backbone with hydrogen, hydroxyl, and methoxy functionalities by chemical synthesis, to perform SAR analysis of velutin structural analogues. The SAR study revealed that the substitution of functional groups at C5, C7, C3′, and C4′ of the flavone backbone affects biological activities related to melanin synthesis. The coexistence of hydroxyl and methoxy at the C5 and C7 position is essential for inhibiting tyrosinase activity. However, 1,2-diol compounds substituted at C3′ and C4′ of flavone backbone induce apoptosis of melanoma cells. Further, substitution at C3′ and C4′ with methoxy or hydrogen is essential for inhibiting melanogenesis. Thus, this study would be helpful for the development of natural-derived functional materials to regulate melanin synthesis.