The application of laser reflective tomography in near-field measurements of ultrasonic transducers

With Laser Reflective Tomography（LRT）,the near fields of ultrasonic transducers were measured and analyzed.The principle of LRT measurement of ultrasonic field distribution was introduced and an experimental system was set up.Acoustic pressure of a multiple element piston transducer was measured by using of a laser vibrometer.Its distribution in amplitude and phase was obtained.The acoustic pressure in the same region was measured with a needle hydrophone to validate the LRT method.Furthermore,through reconstruction of acoustic fields,it indicated that LRT method is suitable for predicting the distribution on transducers＇surface and conditions of active elements.     

《应用声学》2014年总目次 第33卷 第1-6期

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驻波法测量声速实验的讨论

根据声波在2个换能器之间多次反射和声波在空气中的衰减,研究了驻波法测量声速实验中接收器输出信号随接收器到发送器间距离的变化.理论推导结果表明:声波在一般情况下不是严格的驻波,但是当反射比接近-1时则是双曲函数形式的驻波,这与实验测量结果一致.只有接收器到发送器的距离比较远,反射比接近-1时,才能得到几乎理想的驻波.     

稳定的驻极体的制备

本文以实验资料和新近理论为依据,论述了稳定的驻极体的制备。在常温下工作的驻极体最好用聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)或聚全氟乙丙烯(FEP)制作;而长期在高温环境中(80—90℃)工作的驻极体,最好用聚二氯对苯撑二甲基(PDCPX)制作。稳定的驻极体的制备,不管用什么方法,极化后的热处理对其稳定性是必要的。     

1-3型二维柱形凹面线聚焦换能器声场特性

设计并研制了柱面结构的1-3型复合材料凹面线聚焦换能器,在提高换能器带宽的同时,可以实现声场的线聚焦。将换能器内部PZT柱作为独立声源,应用瑞利积分和叠加原理,推导出了柱形凹面换能器总声场的理论表达式。通过仿真计算分析了换能器在聚焦线上的声场特点以及相关参数对聚焦性能的影响。对换能器参数做出合理设计,使换能器在实现线聚焦的同时,声场在聚焦线上的起伏较小,从而设计并制作出聚焦性能良好的线聚焦凹面换能器探头。实验测试结果表明采用本文方法计算得到的换能器声场与实测的声场分布基本符合,柱形凹面换能器在其几何焦点附近范围内均可实现聚焦,并在侧向上形成清晰的聚焦线,其聚焦线长度为换能器的侧向结构长度,在聚焦线上声场分布起伏较小。      

厚度模压电超声换能器无源声学材料研究进展*

厚度模压电超声换能器作为超声波发射、接收以及电信号间转换的载体,是超声成像与检测系统的核心器件,一般由压电层、匹配层和背衬层3部分组成。超声换能器的性能一定程度上决定着整体超声设备的性能,影响了其在工业、医学、军事等领域的应用。该换能器的关键性能指标(带宽、灵敏度)除了受到压电层的影响,还与匹配层、背衬层等无源声学材料的设计密切相关。该文综述了近年来厚度模压电超声换能器无源声学材料(匹配层、背衬层和声透镜)的研究进展,提出了当前该类材料面临的难题和解决途径,并对其未来发展方向进行了展望。     

DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF AXIALLY-SYMMETRICAL ANNULAR CORRUGATED SHELL PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSDUCERS

The coupled extensional and flexural vibrations of an annular corrugated shell piezoelectric transducer consisting of multiple circularly-annular surfaces smoothly connected along the interfaces were investigated in the paper. Only a time-harmonic voltage is applied across two electrodes of the piezoelectric shell as the external loading. A theoretical solution was obtained using the classical shell theory. Based on the solution, basic vibration characteristics of resonant frequencies, mode shapes were calculated and examined.     

ACOUSTICAL TRANSMISSION LINE MODEL FOR ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS FOR WIDE-BANDWIDTH APPLICATION

An improved model for ultrasonic transducers is proposed.By considering only the first symmetric mode,each layer is represented as an acoustical transmission line in modeling of bulk wave transducers.In imaging applications,wide bandwidth and short time duration are required.The approach we have used consists of impedance matching the front face of the piezoelectric transducer to the propagating medium with a quarter wavelength impedance matching layer and inserting an unmatching quarter wavelength acoustical layer between the rear face and backing material.A heavy backing would degrade the wide-band phenomena,but show a time duration shorter than 0.5 μs for imaging applications.PSPICE code of the controlled source model is implemented to precisely predict the performance of the matched transducers such as impedance,insertion loss,bandwidth and duration of the impulse response.Good agreement between the simulation and experimental results has been achieved.     

声波测井系统“多极阵列压电换能器”研制成功

声波测井系统“多极阵列压电换能器”是该系统中的关键部分,包括单极收、发,偶极收、发和斯通利波一系列的压电换能器．国内多年来依靠进口,为打破国外高价垄断,“九．五”期间作为“海洋高技术（８６３－８２０－０６－０１）声波测井系统”立项进行研制,这一系统的“多极阵列压电换能器”由中国科学院声学研究所经过 ５年的预研、研究,于 ２０００年研制成功． 在２０００年下半年,“多极阵列压电换能器”与其相关仪器联机在毕北油田并下实际测试,结果表明全部满足合同要求（中国海洋石油测井公司技术开发合同书,合同编号：９８…     

稀土Tonpilz换能器的有限元设计法

当Tonpilz换能器组件迥横截面面积之间相差较大时,应力,应变会有一定的突破,边界条件将不很连续,用四端网络方法设计会带来较大的误差,本文用有限元方法,设计并研制了一稀土Tonpilz型换能器 实验测试表明,与四端网络设计法相比,有限元方法具有更好的设计精度。