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101.
Alginate Properties and Heavy Metal Biosorption by Marine Algae 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
The physical properties of the alginate component in four different brown seaweeds (Sargassumfluitans, Ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus vesiculo-sus, andLaminaria japonica) were characterized using potentiometric titration,13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), chemical analysis, and viscosity measurements. The heavy metal binding capacities of the
corresponding seaweeds were directly proportional to their respective total carboxyl group content, and related to the electronegativity
of the elements investigated (Ca, Zn, Cd, Cu, and Pb). The uronic acid composition or sequence of the alginate component did
not affect the metal uptake properties of the biosorbents studied here. However, the alginate leaching owing to its solubilization
by Na ions was observed to decrease with increasing intrinsic viscosity of the extracted alginate, related to its molecular
weight, and with increasing apparent acidic dissociation constant, related to the alginate density inside the biomass. 相似文献
102.
Fluorogenic probes dual-labeled with reporter and quencher dyes use a change in fluorescence to monitor biochemical events (e.g., substrate binding or enzyme digestion). Such events change the reporter-quencher distance, which affects fluorescence. Recently, it is has been shown that static quenching through intramolecular dimers is an important mechanism that can sometimes be more efficient than F?rster resonance energy transfer (FRET). 相似文献
103.
2.45GHz下常用有机试剂复介电常数的测量与研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
1986年加拿大的R.Gedye和R.J.Giguere等发现了微波可以显著加快有机合成,他们发现用微波辐射可使反应速率和产率有不同程度的提高。由于微波作用机理的特殊性,微波化学对很多化学领域带来了冲击。但是,微波与化学反应体系之间相互作用的一些重大问题还未得到解决,如微波加热过程中化学反应系统的非线性反射、非均匀加热等。解决这类问题,首先必须了解化学反应过程中混合物的电学性质与磁学性质,而物质的宏观电学和磁学性质都用其介电常数和磁导率来描述。对于大部分是非磁性材料的有机试剂,微波与反应体系相互作用的特性集中体现在体系的等效复介电常数上。了解各种常用试剂的复介电常数,可以进一步了解各种化学试剂对微波的吸收和反射的情况。而很多试剂的复介电常数无法从现有文献中得到。本文利用谐振腔微扰法测定了在2.45GHz室温下各类常用有机试剂的复介电常数,结果显示:醇类试剂复介电常数实部与虚部都较大;酮类试剂复介电常数实部相对较大,而虚部较小;酸类试剂复介电常数实部和虚部都较小;烷烃和苯类试剂实部,虚部更小。同时,随着碳链增加,所有试剂的复介电常数的实部与虚部均有下降趋势。这些测试和分析结果将为微波辅助有机合成提供了有益参考。 相似文献
104.
Fluorometric investigation of the interaction of bovine serum albumin with surfactants and 6-mercaptopurine 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Hu YJ Liu Y Jiang W Zhao RM Qu SS 《Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology》2005,80(3):235-242
Fluorescence quenching in solutions of bovine serum albumin has been investigated in the presence of 6-mercaptopurine and ionic surfactants. Spectroscopic analysis of the emission quenching at different temperatures revealed that the quenching mechanism of bovine serum albumin by 6-mercaptopurine was dynamic quenching mechanism. The Stern–Volmer quenching model has been successfully applied, and the activation energy of the interaction between 6-mercaptopurine and bovine serum albumin as much as 4.26 kJ mol−1 was calculated. The distance r between donor (bovine serum albumin) and acceptor (6-mercaptopurine) was obtained according to fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). The result of synchronous fluorescence spectra shows that the conformation of bovine serum albumin has been changed at the present of 6-mercaptopurine. 相似文献
105.
Òscar Rubio-Pons Boris Minaev Oleksandr Loboda Hans Ågren 《Theoretical chemistry accounts》2005,113(1):15-27
The phosphorescence spectrum of p-dichlorobenzene has been calculated using multiconfiguration self-consistent-field wave functions and the quadratic response technique. Attention has been paid to the intensity distribution of the singlet–triplet (3B1u1Ag) transition through a number of vibronic subbands. The second order spin–orbit coupling (SOC) contribution to the spin splitting of the 3B1u (3*) state is found to be almost negligible, and the calculations therefore provide a good estimate for the zero-field splitting (ZFS) parameters based only on the electron spin–spin coupling expectation values. Nuclear quadrupole resonance constants for the different Cl isotopes are also calculated to accomplish the ZFS assignment. The electric dipole activity of the spin sublevels in the triplet–singlet transitions to the ground-state vibrational levels is estimated by calculations of derivatives using distorted geometries which are shifted from the equilibrium position along different vibrational modes. A vibrational analysis of the phosphorescence spectrum, based on the SOC-induced mixing of the singlet and triplet states calculated along different vibrational modes, provides reasonable agreement with experimental data.Acknowledgment O. R.-P. would like to thank the European MOLPROP network for support. The authors thank Alexander Baev for fruitful discussions. This work was supported by the Swedish Royal Academy of Science (KVA). 相似文献
106.
四苯硼钠-甲苯胺蓝缔合物纳米微粒体系减色效应研究 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
在PH4.0醋酸-醋酸钠介质中,甲苯胺蓝在600nm处有一个吸收峰,随着四苯硼钠浓度的增大甲苯胺蓝在600nm处吸收峰降低,颜色减弱,这是由于甲苯胺蓝-四苯硼钠缔合物分子间存在较强的疏水作用及分子间作用力,聚集形成纳米微粒所致,甲苯胺蓝-四苯硼钠纳米微粒体系亦在600mm处有1个吸收峰,在400mm、470mm和580mm处产生3共振散射峰,其中400mm和580mm为甲苯胺蓝-四苯硼钠复合纳米微粒产生的特征共振散射峰,这也表明有纳米微粒存在,丙酮浓度的影响实验结果等表明,纳米微粒的形成是产生其减色效应的原因。 相似文献
107.
Electron paramagnetic resonance study of amphiphiles partitioning behavior in desiccation-tolerant moss during dehydration 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Shu Jun Xu Wei Hong Chen Ying Wen Chen Cui Fang Wang Yan Wang 《中国化学快报》2007,18(7):865-868
Desiccation tolerance is a crucial characteristic for desert moss surviving in arid regions. Desiccation procedure always induces amphiphiles transferring from the polar cytoplasm into lipid bodies. The behavior of amphiphiles transferring can contribute to the enhancement of desiccation tolerance and the reduction of plasma membrane integrity simultaneously. The effects of amphiphiles partitioning into the lipid phase during water loss has been studied for pollen and seeds using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. However, desiccation-tolerant high plants occur among mosses, several angiosperms and higher plants seeds or pollens. They have different strategies for survival in dehydration and rehydration. A desiccation-tolerant moss Tortula desertorum was used to investigate the behaviors of amphiphilic molecules during drying by spin label technology. There are small amount of amphiphilic probes partitioning into membrane during moss leaves dehydration, comparing with that in higher plants. Cytoplasm viscosity changed from 1.14 into glass state only dehydration less than 60 min. Moss leaves lost plasma membrane integrity slightly, from 0.115 to 0.237, occurred simultaneously with amphiphiles partition. The results showed the more advantages of mosses than higher plants in adapting fast dehydration. We propose that EPR spin label is feasible for studying the amphiphiles partitioning mechanisms in membrane protection and damage for desiccation-tolerant mosses. 相似文献
108.
Analysis of changes in 35Cl NQR frequency of complexes MCl4.L and MCl4.2L for M = Si, Ge, Sn and Ti was performed. The population of the atomic orbitals was calculated by the quantum chemistry methods PM3 and INDO. The results provided an explanation of the changes in 35Cl NQR frequency and the asymmetry parameter upon complex formation. In the complexes of non-transition elements, a decrease in 35Cl NQR frequency is first of all related to increasing population of pz orbitals on Cl atoms. In the complexes of Ti, the increase in 35Cl NQR frequency depends on a decrease in the pπ to dπ electron density transfer. 相似文献
109.
110.