基于卡门尺度和滤波方法的SST方程改进

基于滤波方法和卡门尺度对原始剪切应力输运(shear stress transport, SST)湍流模型进行了改进,提出了一种卡门尺度修正的滤波SST 方法. 湍流多尺度效应必须在分离流场模拟中给予反映,该方法减弱了雷诺平均(Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes, RANS)方法时间平均特性对于流场脉动量的压迫作用,在流场中引入了大涡模拟(large eddy simulation, LES)方法的亚格子模型,形成一种新型的脱体涡模拟方法(detached eddy simulation,DES)方法;同时,为了降低原始DES方法在网格加密过程中产生网格诱发的雷诺应力损耗,利用卡门尺度对滤波因子进行修正. 平板边界层算例中,卡门尺度对于RANS方法的跟随性远远强于DES方法,在边界层内的速度型和RANS方法吻合很好,而DES方法在加密过程中速度型的鲁棒性较差,说明卡门尺度在有效地保护了边界层内使用RANS求解,降低速度型偏离对数率现象的产生;HGR-01翼型算例证明BY-SST方法可以有效的避免网格诱导分离现象的产生;证明BY-SST方法在分离流动中的精度高于DES方法.     

Betweenness-based algorithm for a partition scale-free graph

Many real-world networks are found to be scale-free. However, graph partition technology, as a technology capable of parallel computing, performs poorly when scale-free graphs are provided. The reason for this is that traditional partitioning algorithms are designed for random networks and regular networks, rather than for scale-free networks. Multilevel graph-partitioning algorithms are currently considered to be the state of the art and are used extensively. In this paper, we analyse the reasons why traditional multilevel graph-partitioning algorithms perform poorly and present a new multilevel graph-partitioning paradigm, top down partitioning, which derives its name from the comparison with the traditional bottom-up partitioning. A new multilevel partitioning algorithm, named betweenness-based partitioning algorithm, is also presented as an implementation of top-down partitioning paradigm. An experimental evaluation of seven different real-world scale-free networks shows that the betweenness-based partitioning algorithm significantly outperforms the existing state-of-the-art approaches.     

一种强力钻地弹侵彻混凝土靶研究

设计了一种更为强力的钻地弹-钨镇重钻地弹,以提高钻地弹对硬介质目标的侵彻能力。将特殊设计的钨合金结构作为镇重体填加至钻地弹的壳体内部,以提高钻地弹的整体密度,增大面质量,从而提高了钻地弹的侵彻能力。设计了实验用靶、可分离弹托和尾翼,成功进行钨镇重钻地弹缩比弹侵彻混凝土靶的实验室实验和外场实验,并进行了相同条件下普通钻地弹缩比弹对比侵彻实验。实验结果表明:相对于普通钻地弹,钨镇重钻地弹的侵彻能力有了较大幅度的提高;钨镇重钻地弹的弹体结构强度设计满足侵彻需要,弹体在侵彻过程中能有效生存。采用实验的方法研究了缩比率对钻地弹侵彻深度的影响,对钻地弹侵彻深度相似律进行了修正。根据相似律的研究结果,钻地弹的侵彻深度与缩比率成正比关系,但是,该结论忽略了侵彻过程中靶介质动态强度应变率效应的影响。进行了大量的不同缩比率的实验,并收集了相关的实验数据,分析认为,钻地弹的侵彻深度与缩比率呈1.15次方关系。该结论有助于通过缩比实验结果较为准确的预估原型弹的侵彻能力。     

截尾样本下,具有共同尺度参数的多总体指数分布的参数估计

讨论了在截尾样本下,具有共同尺度参数的多总体指数分布的参数估计问题,证明了尺度参数及位置参数的最佳仿射同变估计是不容许的,且给出了相应的改进估计.     

Capturing incomplete information in resource allocation problems through numerical patterns

We look at the problem of optimizing complex operations with incomplete information where the missing information is revealed indirectly and imperfectly through historical decisions. Incomplete information is characterized by missing data elements governing operational behavior and unknown cost parameters. We assume some of this information may be indirectly captured in historical databases through flows characterizing resource movements. We can use these flows or other quantities derived from these flows as “numerical patterns” in our optimization model to reflect some of the incomplete information. We develop our methodology for representing information in resource allocation models using the concept of pattern regression. We use a popular goodness-of-fit measure known as the Cramer–Von Mises metric as the foundation of our approach. We then use a hybrid approach of solving a cost model with a term known as the “pattern metric” that minimizes the deviations of model decisions from observed quantities in a historical database. We present a novel iterative method to solve this problem. Results with real-world data from a large freight railroad are presented.     

相关原理在量表信度评价中的应用

信度是评价量表质量的关键,高质量的量表设计,应该使观测变量与其要测试的潜在变量之间达到最大相关,实践中如何选择相关变量来反映这种相关?针对量表设计的复杂程度不同,建立相关的思路是不同的,从而形成了各自不同的方法.     

基于Translog生产函数的中国汽车工业规模经济与替代弹性及价格弹性研究

使用迭代似无关回归(ISUR)方法估计了以生产工人、非生产工人和资本为投入要素的中国汽车工业Translog生产函数及中国汽车工业规模报酬的阶数,利用获得的估计计算了投入要素之间的替代弹性并通过替代弹性计算了要素需求的价格弹性。在此基础上,对中国汽车工业规模经济的状况、投入要素之间的替代或互补关系和要素价格变化对要素需求的影响进行了分析.结果显示:在所研究的期间内,中国汽车工业处于规模报酬不变阶段;生产工人和资本之间以及非生产工人和资本之间是替代关系,而生产工人和非生产工人之间是互补关系;对中国汽车工业而言,三个要素需求缺乏弹性。     

Asymptotic expansions of backward equations for two-time-scale Markov chains in continuous time

This work develops asymptotic expansions for solutions of systems of backward equations of time- inhomogeneous Maxkov chains in continuous time. Owing to the rapid progress in technology and the increasing complexity in modeling, the underlying Maxkov chains often have large state spaces, which make the computa- tional tasks ihfeasible. To reduce the complexity, two-time-scale formulations are used. By introducing a small parameter ε〉 0 and using suitable decomposition and aggregation procedures, it is formulated as a singular perturbation problem. Both Markov chains having recurrent states only and Maxkov chains including also tran- sient states are treated. Under certain weak irreducibility and smoothness conditions of the generators, the desired asymptotic expansions axe constructed. Then error bounds are obtained.     

基于等效模型和多时间尺度扩展卡尔曼滤波的锂离子电池SOC预测

荷电状态(SOC)和最大可用电量估计是锂离子电池寿命预测中的两个最重要部分;然而与快速时变的SOC比较,最大可用电量的参数变化缓慢;文章提出了一个基于等效模型和多时间尺度的扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)预测算法对SOC和最大可用容量分别在不同时间尺度上进行估计,在宏观尺度上利用了SOC估计值作为观测量,更新最大可用电量;针对NCA/C卫星锂离子电池实验数据的仿真结果表明,提出的多时间尺度EKF预测算法与EKF联合估计算法相比,SOC和最大可用电量估计准确度更高,同时提高了计算效率。     

全样本场合下两参数Birnbaum-Saunders疲劳寿命分布的统计分析

通过对数变换给出了求两参数Birnbaum-Saunders(BS)疲劳寿命分布BS(α,β)在全样本场合下参数的对数矩估计,并通过大量Monte-Carlo模拟比较了各种点估计方法的精度.基于对数变换通过一阶泰勒展开,将两参数BS疲劳寿命分布BS(α,β)近似看作两参数对数正态分布,由此得到了2个参数α,β的近似区间估计,通过Monte-Carlo模拟发现,所给出的近似方法比原有方法更精确.最后通过若干实例说明了方法的可行性.