高耸异型烟囱结构风压和风振系数试验研究

本文在模拟的大气边界层中,对某一发电厂高耸异型烟囱的刚性模型进行了测压试验研究,得到了这一结构的平均风压系数、最大和最小风压系数分布,以及该结构的风荷载体型系数;结果表明在烟囱外形明显变化的局部区域,风压绝对值较大,与理论分析一致。同时,对动态测力试验模型进行了高频动态天平测力试验研究,详细介绍了试验及数据处理方法,根据试验结果计算得到了该烟囱在风作用下的动力响应和风振系数;根据试验结果计算所得的风振系数值大于按规范公式估算值。这些结果不仅为结构的风荷载计算提供了依据,也有助于进一步认识该类异性烟囱结构的风荷载和风振特性。     

本征正交分解技术在屋盖风压场重建与预测中的应用

给出利用本征正交分解(POD)对屋盖风压场进行重建和预测的研究结果.对一个双坡屋盖用同步多点压力扫描系统进行了风洞试验,根据POD技术采用前若干阶本征模态重建屋盖风压场.采用两种方案预测未布置测压点位置的风压时间序列.第一种方案中利用插值技术获得没有测压点位置的本征模态值.第二种方案对参考屋盖和需预测的新屋盖分别进行试验,结合由参考屋盖试验萃取的本征模态和由新屋盖试验的风压数据计算的主坐标,预测出新屋盖未知区域的风压时间序列.文中对风压场重建和预测的效果作了分析,而且比较了根据测量的风压数据和预测的风压数据所计算的屋盖风致响应.     

Hoek–Brown criterion applied to circular tunnel using elastoplasticity and in situ axial stress

Based on the nonlinear Hoek–Brown failure criterion, elastoplastic analytical solutions are developed for the elastoplastic stresses, strains and plastic zones around a circular tunnel subjected to different value of the axial in situ stress. Effects of the transverse in situ stress, the axial in situ stress and the strength parameters of rock masses on the elastoplastic stresses, strains and plastic zones in the surrounding rock masses are investigated. It is found from the numerical results that the stresses, strains, and plastic zones in the surrounding rock depend not only on the transverse in situ stress but also on the axial in situ stress as well as the mechanical parameters of rock masses.     

Interference effects of two and three super-tall buildings under wind action

Most previous investigations on interference effects of tall buildings under wind actions focused on the wind induced interference effects between two buildings,and the interference effects of three or more buildings have seldom been studied so far due to the huge workload involved in experiments and data processing.In this paper,mean and dynamic force/response interference effects and peak wind pressure interference effects of two and three tall buildings,especially the three-building configuration,are investigated through a series of wind tunnel tests on typical tall building models using high frequency force balance technique and wind pressure measurements.Furthermore,the present paper focuses on the effects of parameters,including breadth ratio and height ratio of the buildings and terrain category,on the interference factors and derives relevant regression results for the interference factors.     

浅埋隧道围岩受施工扰动的时空变化规律研究

采用监测分析和数值模拟相结合的方法, 详细模拟了浅埋隧道施工的全过程, 得到不同施工情况下围岩的应力应变状态, 并深入分析围岩受施工扰动的应力变化规律和沉降变形趋势, 在此基础上, 采用非线性回归方法并考虑时间影响因素, 得到了地表沉降的时空变形规律.     

抗阵风载荷的小型无人飞行器设计及相关风洞舵效比较

本文目的在于探索验证微小型飞行器的气动布局与抗突风载荷能力的关系,结合风洞试验验证了结果并进行了数据分析。在低雷诺数条件下采用大边条、小展弦比非常规的气动布局设计,根据性能指标要求对飞行器的机翼面积、翼展、翼型等相关参数进行了分析设计;运用数值模拟等手段对全机简化模型进行了气动力计算,对结果进了行初步的定性分析,为初始的设计提供了验证;结合实际的靶机制作得到了实际飞机的风洞验证缩比模型,对其进行了风洞的常规测力实验。根据风洞试验结果对飞机升降舵舵面与副翼舵面偏转0°、±15°、±30°的气动性能进行了评估,为进一步的理论分析提供依据。结合实际外场飞行实验情况得出飞行器的实际气动性能,并对大量相关风洞试验数据进行了分析;探索性地给出了一条适用于微小型飞行器进行的新设计方法和设计流程,为设计适应于阵风载荷等恶劣气候条件下微小的型飞行器提供了参考新思路。     

水下航行器通气超空泡生成与维持实验研究

超高速水下航行器通气系统工作时需采用多级通气流量.为获得通气流量的设计依据,在西北工业大学高速水洞进行了超空泡生成和维持、通气流量突变对空泡形态影响的系列实验研究.实验结果表明:生成超空泡的通气流量与维持相应空泡形态的通气流量相差很大,就本次研究所选的模型而言,前者是后者的2.616倍左右;通气超空泡生成速度与航行器速...     

基于风洞试验的不同坡度多跨锯齿屋面风压特性研究

多跨锯齿屋面因其具有跨度大、结构轻盈的特点成为典型的风灾易损结构。目前国内规范对锯齿屋盖的风荷载规定较为粗略,简单给定了统一的风压系数参考值,在实际工程应用中具有一定的局限性。本文以某4跨锯齿房屋为研究对象,通过风洞试验测试了15°、21°、26°、30°和40°等5种不同屋面坡度对锯齿屋盖风压特性的影响。试验结果表明,我国建筑结构荷载规范GB 50009-2012关于锯齿屋面的负风压系数绝对值明显偏小,锯齿屋面最不利均面积负风压系数随着坡度的增加逐渐从高屋角(HC)区转移到屋面边区(SE),且与HC区相反,SE区内的最不利负风压系数绝对值随角度增加而增大;锯齿中间B、C跨最不利均面积负风压系数始终出现在HE区,其绝对值随角度增加而增大,而尾跨D则出现在SE区,且随角度增加而减小;屋面最不利极值负风压系数为-9.6,随着屋面坡度的增大,屋面的最大极值负风压系数绝对值逐渐减小。此外,以各坡度屋面负风压系数的分布为依据,给出了不同屋面坡度范围和不同跨屋面风压系数分区划分建议。     

Soft X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and resonant inelastic X‐ray scattering spectroscopy below 100 eV: probing first‐row transition‐metal M‐edges in chemical complexes

X‐ray absorption and scattering spectroscopies involving the 3d transition‐metal K‐ and L‐edges have a long history in studying inorganic and bioinorganic molecules. However, there have been very few studies using the M‐edges, which are below 100 eV. Synchrotron‐based X‐ray sources can have higher energy resolution at M‐edges. M‐edge X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and resonant inelastic X‐ray scattering (RIXS) could therefore provide complementary information to K‐ and L‐edge spectroscopies. In this study, M_2,3‐edge XAS on several Co, Ni and Cu complexes are measured and their spectral information, such as chemical shifts and covalency effects, are analyzed and discussed. In addition, M_2,3‐edge RIXS on NiO, NiF₂ and two other covalent complexes have been performed and different d–d transition patterns have been observed. Although still preliminary, this work on 3d metal complexes demonstrates the potential to use M‐edge XAS and RIXS on more complicated 3d metal complexes in the future. The potential for using high‐sensitivity and high‐resolution superconducting tunnel junction X‐ray detectors below 100 eV is also illustrated and discussed.