激光快速成型技术在产品设计中的应用研究

基于三维CAD的激光快速成型技术,根据三维模型,可在短时间内制造出用于验证、评价所设计的产品模型。三维CAD和激光快速成型技术共同组成了一套快速开发系统。     

FEM simulation of the laser plasma interaction during laser nitriding of titanium

Laser nitriding of materials is based on the interaction of short pulsed laser radiation with the treated material and the hitherto formed laser plasma. The process is very promising for the fast formation of surface coatings with superior properties. Due to the short interaction times and the thin surface films an experimental observation of the underlying processes is very difficult. In order to access the basic mechanism, finite element method simulations of laser heating, evaporation, plasma formation and expansion, plasma composition and interaction with the materials surface have been performed. As a result, evaporation and expansion velocities, pressure balances and dissociation degrees have been derived. The results give a better insight into the physical processes and dependencies of the coating formation, in this case for the titanium-nitrogen system. This finally allows an optimization of the coating synthesis.     

一种三维数字成像系统的多视点姿态估计方法

为校准多视场深度数据,提出基于条纹投影的三维数字成像系统的多视点姿态估计方法。该方法至少在两个视点分别向被测物体投射出一组正交条纹图,利用条纹投影和相位重建技术,将相位图映射为物体的三维空间坐标。进而,利用投影仪的投射过程是摄像机成像过程的逆过程,建立投影仪的投射平面和摄像机的成像平面的对应关系,将“极线几何约束”应用到基于条纹投影的主动三维视觉的姿态估计问题,并在考虑测量数据受噪声影响的条件下,建立了求解视点姿态参量的数学模型。通过优化求解非线性方程可以获得多视点的姿态估计参量。所设计的实验及结果证明了所提出方法的有效性。     

Pt-induced faceting of W field emitter tips

Changes in surface morphology that accompany the adsorption of Pt on W are studied using field emission microscopy. During the adsorption of Pt at coverages of >1 monolayer (ML) at 800–1400 K, the shape of a W microcrystal tip is changed from nearly hemispherical to a more polyhedral form. This transition is connected with faceting of the substrate, which is manifested by changes in size and in electron emission of planes mainly along the 1 1 1 zones, e.g., {2 1 1}, {3 2 1}, {8 7 1}. The sizes of (  1 2) and (  2 3) facets are determined along and perpendicular to the [1   1] directions during adsorption up to an average Pt coverage 3.5 ML. The biggest increase of surface area is observed for {2 1 1} facets at 1400 K, which implies that the surface free energy γ₁₁₂ is considerably reduced relative to the average surface free energy. The results are compared with data for other bimetallic systems, and are discussed in terms of the anisotropy of surface free energy, the equilibrium crystal shape (ECS) and the steady-state tip shape (SSTS). There are quantitative differences found between the SSTS and the ECS for Pt/W.     

“神光-Ⅱ”第九路终端光学系统稳定性分析

 在“神光-Ⅱ”装置上进行先进高能多功能激光束系统(简称第九路)研制工程中，由于在原ICF靶室上又增加了输入“汤姆逊探针光”和“X光背光照明探针光”的锥形真空套筒及其终端光学元件，导致原有靶室结构的变化，可能会引入新的不稳定因素。通过有限元分析方法，建立有限元分析模型，进行优化设计。通过位移传感器测量结果可知，第九路终端光学元件径向窜动所引起的打靶误差最大值为2.110 μm，小于“神光-Ⅱ”靶场终端光学系统的最大允许误差值7.785 μm。     

快速三维MR血管壁成像评估急性脑梗死及颈动脉粥样硬化的研究

本研究探讨在脑梗死及颈动脉粥样硬化斑块评估中,快速三维MR血管壁成像技术的应用价值。选取颈动脉粥样硬化斑块患者78例,共计斑块112个,其中发生脑梗死患者36例,未发生脑梗死患者42例。与病理结果比较,快速三维MR血管壁成像评估颈动脉斑块性质一致性Kappa值为0.790(P<0.05);不稳定性斑块MR积分明显高于稳定性斑块(P<0.05);脑梗死患者甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和平均MR积分明显高于无脑梗死患者(P<0.05),而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)明显低于无脑梗死患者(P<0.05);平均MR积分预测脑梗死的ROC曲线下面积为0.852(P<0.05)。因此,快速三维MR血管壁成像技术能有效评估颈动脉粥样硬化斑块性质,对预测脑梗死有一定应用价值。     

钢结构装配式住宅墙板连接方式对隔声性能的影响*

为提升其隔声性能,通过有限元法数值分析,比较了不同位置墙板的连接方式对房间隔声性能的影响。结果表明：(1)侧墙墙板柔性连接处理对侧向传声的抑制作用显著,当侧墙墙板采用柔性连接后,房间的隔声量在低频段平均可以提升3 dB左右;(2)公共隔墙墙板的柔性连接对房间低频段隔声量提升不明显,甚至在160 Hz、400 Hz、500 Hz等频率下隔声量有所降低。最后,基于模拟分析结果对装配式墙体连接方式提出了改进策略。     

一种基于参数标定的投影条纹周期简易校正方法

基于三角测量原理的条纹投影轮廓测量系统中,倾斜投影到参考平面上的条纹将产生周期展宽现象,引起相位失真甚至影响测量精度。论文以条纹位置为控制变量推导出条纹周期校正的线性数学模型,通过简便的标定获得模型参数,由此反算出新的待投影条纹,并在参考平面上获得周期分布的投影条纹。实验结果表明校正后的条纹周期变化范围在±0.1像素内,并且该方法能够获得更为精确的三维轮廓测量结果。     

Multi-frequency sonoreactor characterisation in the frequency domain using a semi-empirical bubbly liquid model

Recently, multi-frequency systems were reported to improve performance in power ultrasound applications. In line with this, digital prototyping of multi-frequency sonoreactors also started gaining interest. However, the conventional method of simulating multi-frequency acoustic pressure fields in the time-domain led to many challenges and limitations. In this study, a multi-frequency sonoreactor was characterised using frequency domain simulations in 2-D. The studied system consists of a hexagonal sonoreactor capable of operating at 28, 40 and 70 kHz. Four frequency combinations were studied: 28–40, 28–70, 40–70 and 28–40–70 kHz. A semi-empirical, modified Commander and Prosperetti model was used to describe the bubbly-liquid effects in the sonoreactor. The root-mean-squared acoustic pressure was compared against experimental validation results using sonochemiluminescence (SCL) images and was noted to show good qualitative agreement with SCL results in terms of antinode predictions. The empirical phase speed calculated from SCL measurements was found to be important to circumvent uncertainties in bubble parameter specifications which reduces error in the simulations. Additionally, simulation results also highlighted the importance of geometry in the context of optimising the standing wave magnitudes for each working frequency due to the effects of constructive and destructive interference.     

THREE-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF FUNCTIONALLY GRADED PLATE BASED ON THE HAAR WAVELET METHOD

A three-dimensional analysis of a simply-supported functionally graded rectangular plate with an arbitrary distribution of material properties is made using a simple and effective method based on the Haar wavelet.With good features in treating singularities,Haar series solu- tion converges rapidly for arbitrary distributions,especially for the case where the material prop- erties change rapidly in some regions.Through numerical examples the influences of the ratio of material constants on the top and bottom surfaces and different material gradient distributions on the structural response of the plate to mechanical stimuli are studied.