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931.
Summary In this paper we have estimated the sensitivity of a large-mass liquid-scintillation detector to search for supernova neutrinos
of different flavours. Events produced by νμ and ντ interactions can be identified by looking at the distorsion in the neutrino energy spectrum. We have shown here that, overlapped
to the main energy distribution produced by
interactions with protons a peak at 15.11 MeV (due to the de-excitation of12C* nuclei excited by neutral-current neutrino interactions) gives a possible signature of these neutrino flavours.
Due to the relevance of its scientific content, this paper has been given priority by the Journal Direction. 相似文献
932.
Paul Ruelle Michel Buchmann Hô Nam-Tran Ulrich W. Kesselring 《Journal of computer-aided molecular design》1992,6(5):431-448
Summary The thermodynamics of mobile order is applied to predict the aqueous solubility of liquid and solid aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The solubility values are mainly determined by the magnitude of the hydrophobic effect. However, contrary to the solubilities of the alkanes, the solubilities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water predicted in absence of solute-solvent hydrogen (H) bonds are systematically too low. This shows the contribution of weak specific interactions between the OH groups and the electrons of the aromatic substances. According to the theory, these interactions are characterized by a stability bility constant Ko which can be derived from solubility data. At 25°C, this constant amounts to 80 cm3/mol, the order of magnitude of which can be explained by the competition of these intermolecular bonds with the rather weak self-association bonds in the secondary chains of water. 相似文献
933.
镓在裸Si系和SiO2/Si系掺杂效应 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Based on the diffusion action of gallium in silicon and SiO2 ,a diffusion model of gallium doping in bare silicon system and SiO_2/Si system is first presented in this paper ,the gallium doping effect in the two systems is analyzed theoretically. Experiments and applications have proved that the use of the open-tube gallium deffusion in SiO2/Si system can substantially improve diffusion quality and device characteristics . 相似文献
934.
对近期发展的固体圆二色(CD)光谱测试方法进行了概述、评价和比较, 着重探讨了“浓度效应”的存在使固体CD光谱失真的原因. 通过对本课题组和其他作者已报道的四种化合物的固体CD谱再测试的反思, 强调了依手性化合物的手性光谱学性质不同, 根据浓度梯度实验选择其合适测试浓度的必要性. 对固有手性的阻转异构化合物(S)-1,1'-联二萘酚(S-BINOL)进行了成膜法固体CD谱浓度梯度测试, 发现所得固体薄膜CD谱中也存在着“浓度效应” 相似文献
935.
A. Miele B. P. Mohanty P. Venkataraman Y. M. Kuo 《Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications》1982,38(1):97-109
This paper contains general transformation techniques useful to convert minimax problems of optimal control into the Mayer-Bolza problem of the calculus of variations [Problem (P)]. We consider two types of minimax problems: minimax problems of Type (Q), in which the minimax function depends on the state and does not depend on the control; and minimax problems of Type (R), in which the minimax function depends on both the state and the control. Both Problem (Q) and Problem (R) can be reduced to Problem (P).For Problem (Q), we exploit the analogy with a bounded-state problem in combination with a transformation of the Jacobson type. This requires the proper augmentation of the state vectorx(t), the control vectoru(t), and the parameter vector , as well as the proper augmentation of the constraining relations. As a result of the transformation, the unknown minimax value of the performance index becomes a component of the parameter vector being optimized.For Problem (R), we exploit the analogy with a bounded-control problem in combination with a transformation of the Valentine type. This requires the proper augmentation of the control vectoru(t) and the parameter vector , as well as the proper augmentation of the constraining relations. As a result of the transformation, the unknown minimax value of the performance index becomes a component of the parameter vector being optimized.In a subsequent paper (Part 2), the transformation techniques presented here are employed in conjunction with the sequential gradient-restoration algorithm for solving optimal control problems on a digital computer; both the single-subarc approach and the multiple-subarc approach are discussed.This research was supported by the National Science Foundation, Grant No. ENG-79-18667, and by Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Contract No. F33615-80-C3000. This paper is a condensation of the investigations reported in Refs. 1–7. The authors are indebted to E. M. Coker and E. M. Sims for analytical and computational assistance. 相似文献
936.
K. Benmansour 《European Polymer Journal》2003,39(7):1443-1449
In order to determine the counter-anion effect on conductivity of poly[N-(3,6,9-trioxadecyl)-4-vinylpyridinium)] backbone in aqueous solutions, a set of three polyelectrolytes with three different counter-ions: poly[N-(3,6,9-trioxadecyl)-4-vinylpyridinium]bromide P4VP164Br and its chlorate and tosylate derivatives P4VP164ClO4 and P4VP164Ts respectively, were prepared by spontaneous polymerization of 4-vinylpyridine. This method gives a grafted polyelectrolyte having a positive charge on each pyridinic moiety on the backbone. The conductivities of cationic polyelectrolyte aqueous solution were determined in the concentration range from 10−4 to 10−2 M at 25 °C. The variation of the conductivity versus concentration of the investigated system exhibits a typical polyelectrolyte behavior. The polycation mobility was found to be dependent on the counter-anion nature. Thus, the polyelectrolyte conductivity increases with the ion size. This shows that big ions are weakly or not associated to the backbone.In order to confirm this steric hindrance, we have considered the conductivities of these three anions Br−, ClO4− and Ts− in their sodium salts, both alone and in the presence of 3,6,9-trioxadecanol (PEO164) free chains. In the two cases, the conductivities decrease in the order ΛBr>ΛClO4>ΛTs.These results suggest that counter-ion mobility is mainly influenced by steric effect PEO164 grafted chains.Values of the conductivity predicted from Manning rod-like polyelectrolyte model were compared with our experimental results. 相似文献
937.
Summary The photogalvanic effect of ferrousbis-(acetylacetonate) (Fe(II)(acac)2) and ferrousbis-(trifluoroacetylacetonate) (Fe(II)(tfac)2) complexes in aqueous acetonitrile thionine dye solutions has been studied in a photogalvanic cell of 70 cm3 capacity with identical platinum electrodes (area: 0.25 cm2) using visible light (80 mW/cm2) at 25°C. The theoretical Sunlight Engineering Efficiency (SEE) was determined for both complexes and it was found that the best SEE was obtained when Fe(II)(tfac)2 was used at a concentration of 1.5×10–4 mol/dm3 with a thionine concentration of 1×10–4 mol/dm3 atpH=4 in 40% aqueous acetonitrile. Effects of incident light intensity and temperature on the photogalvanic performance and the action spectrum of the present system were also investigated. A mechanism of the photoredox reaction between the Fe(II)-complex and the dye molecule is proposed.
Der photogalvanische Effekt von Fe(II)--Diketonat/Thionin-Systemen in wäßrigem Acetonitril
Zusammenfassung Der photogalvanische Effekt von Eisen(II)-bis-(acetonylacetonat) (Fe(II)(acac)2) und Eisen(II)-bis-(trifluoracetylacetonat) (Fe(II)(tfac)2 in wäßriger acetonitrilischer Thioninlösung wurde in einer photogalvanischen Zelle (70 cm3) mit identischen Platinelektroden (Fläche: 0.25 cm2) mit sichtbarem Licht (80 mW/cm2) bei 25°C untersucht. Für beide Komplexe wurde die theoretische Sunlight Engineering Efficiency (SEE) bestimmt; der beste SEE-Wert wurde für Fe(II)(tfac)2 bei einer Konzentration von 1.5×10–4 mol/dm3 beipH=4 in 40%igem Acetonitril gefunden (Thioninkonzentration: 1.0×10–4 mol/dm3). Effekte, die durch Änderung der Lichtintensität und der Temperatur hervorgerufen werden, werden diskutiert. Ein Mechanismus für die Photoredoxreaktion zwischen dem Fe(II)-Komplex und dem Farbstoffmolekül wird vorgeschlagen.相似文献
938.
A. M. Wrobel B. Lamontagne M. R. Wertheimer 《Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing》1988,8(3):315-329
We have investigated O2/CF4 plasma etching of five commercial polymers: polyimide, polyamide, polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate and cured epoxy resin. A new large-area microwave plasma apparatus has been used in this work, but the same apparatus can also be used as a capacitively coupled radiofrequency (13.56 MHz) discharge reactor. The effect of operating parameters such as pressure, etchant gas composition, excitation frequency and sample temperature upon etch kinetics has been examined. We have observed distinct maxima in the etch rate as functions of pressure and CF4 concentration. Activation, energies evaluated from the Arrhenius plots fall in the range 0.04-0.2 eV, in agreement with data in the literature. Dry etch susceptibility of a given polymer correlates strongly with the degree of unsaturation in the polymer's structure 相似文献
939.
Single crystals of [CuCl0.85Br0.15(C6H4N3CH2=CH2)] (I) were obtained by alternating current electrochemical synthesis; their X-ray structural investigation has been carried
out (DARCh automatic diffractometer, MoK
α radiation, θ/2θ scanning; 1460 reflections with F ≥ 4σ(F), R = 0.0517). The crystals are monoclinic, their space group is P21/c, a = 7.292(3) Å, b = 17.947(8) Å, c = 7.398(4) Å, β = 93.56(4)°, V = 966(1) Å3, Z = 4). Complex I is close in structure to the previously investigated compound [CuCl(C6H4N3CH2=CH2)] (II). In both structures, the trigonal-pyramidal surroundings of the copper atom include two halide atoms (one is apical),
a nitrogen atom, and a C=C group. The Cu2X2 dimers are associated into {[Cu2X2(C6H5N3CH2=CH2)]}n layers due to the bridging function of the 1-allylbenzotriazole molecule. In spite of the similar coordination polyhedra
of the metal atoms and identical bridging function of the ligand molecule in I and II, the differences in the conformation
parameters of the allyl group π-coordinated by the copper(I) atom (trans-like in I and cis-like in II) caused by the presence
of bromine atoms in the coordination sphere predetermine different structures of the organometallic [Cu2X2(C6H5N3CH2=CH2)]4 tetramer subunits in the layers and, as a consequence, formation of different crystal structures.
Original Russian Text Copyright ? 2005 by E. A. Goreshnik, B. M. Mykhalichko, and V. N. Davydov
__________
Translated from Zhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii, Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 174–178, January–February, 2005. 相似文献
940.
Hydrogen bond complex stability between adenine (A) and hydrogen bond equivalents of uracil: 2-pyridone derivatives (UX
X2O) and 3-oxo-1,2,6-thiadiazine-1,1-dioxide derivatives (UX
SO2) was studied, and as the result, the hydrogen bond energy of UX
X2O-A and a complex of UXX
SO2-A, was about 1.5 kcal/mol more stable than that of the corresponding adenine-uracil derivatives complex, respectively. The energy difference between the imide tautomer and enol tautomer was smaller than those of uracil derivatives. UF
SO2 can form a stable complex with A, and its imide tautomer is stable. 相似文献