Temperature effects on surface activity and application in oxidation of toluene derivatives of CTAB-SDS with KMnO4

The γ_cmc values of CTAB-SDS decrease from 63.67 mN/m at 10‡C to 36.38 mN/m at 90‡C, slightly lower than those of either CTAB or SDS. Correspondingly, the CMC of CTAB-SDS decreases almost by half. The increase of surface activity of CTAB-SDS can be attributed to the relatively weak electrostatic interaction at high temperature, which is supported by the increase of solubility of CTAB-SDS with rise in temperature. Catalytic effect on oxidation of toluene derivatives with potassium permanganate follows the order CTAB-SDS > SDS > CTAB. This is not caused by the dissociative effect of CTAB-SDS with low surface activity at low temperature, as seen from the fact that almost all oxidative products can be retrieved for different toluene derivatives and surfactants by mimicking the conditions of reaction. In the emulsifications of toluene derivatives at 90‡C, the time that turbid water layers of surfactant solutions take to become clear is the same as that of the catalytic effect on oxidation of toluene derivatives. Thus, it can be inferred that surfactants can improve the oxidation yields of toluene derivatives by increasing the contact between two reacting phases.     

一阶最优性条件研究

本对由Botsko的关于多变量函数取极值的一阶导数检验条件定理^[1]进行了分析研究，给出了更实用而简捷的差别条件。最后，举出若干例子予以说明。     

Inner derivations and norm equality

We characterize when the norm of the sum of two bounded operators on a Hilbert space is equal to the sum of their norms.

     

氢化丁苯共聚物结构的核磁共振波谱表征Ⅱ.微观结构的定量计算

在氢化丁苯共聚物¹³C-NMR谱脂肪碳部分谱带归属的基础上,根据各谱带的主要来源,推导出六个二单元浓度的计算公式。计算出二单元、一单元的相对含量,各结构单元的数均序列长度、嵌段含量和其它结构参数。加氢前后的¹H-和¹³C-NMR谱的组成计算结果基本一致。初步探讨了作为粘度指数改进剂的氢化丁苯共聚物微观结构与性能的关系,为合成提供了依据。     

环状连续强激光下光学薄膜的瞬温和热畸变

详细研究了非冷却光学薄膜元件在环形激光光束辐照下的瞬态温度分布和随后的热畸变，并且用泰曼干涉仪实际测量了连续波氧碘激光辐照各种非冷却光学元件的热畸变量并与理论计算相比较，分析结果表明理论和实验相一致。     

二氧化钒薄膜的低温制备及其性能研究

针对VO₂薄膜在微测辐射热计上的应用，采用射频反应溅射法，在室温下制备氧化钒薄膜；研究了氧分压对薄膜沉积速率、电学性质及成分的影响.通过调节氧分压，先获得成分接近VO₂的非晶化薄膜，再在400℃空气中氧化退火，便可制得高电阻温度系数，低电阻率的VO₂薄膜，电阻温度系数约为-4%/℃，薄膜方块电阻为R_□为100—300kΩ；薄膜在室温下沉积，400℃下退火的制备方法与微机电加工(micro electromechanic 关键词： 二氧化钒 电阻温度系数 氧分压 射频反应溅射法     

Mass Power Spectrum in a Universe Dominated by the Chaplygin Gas

The mass power spectrum for a Universe dominated by the Chaplygin gas is evaluated numerically from scales of the order of the Hubble horizon to 100 Mpc. The results are compared with a pure baryonic Universe and a cosmological constant model. In all three cases, the spectrum increases with k, the wavenumber of the perturbations. The slope of the spectrum is higher for the baryonic model and smaller for the cosmological constant model, the Chaplygin gas interpolating these two models. The results are analyzed in terms of the sound velocity of the Chaplygin gas and the moment the Universe begins to accelerate.     

原子力显微镜在生物物理领域的新应用

介绍了原子力显微镜在生物物理领域的最新应用:蛋白质去折叠、DNA拉伸、生物膜受力,通过分析实验得到的力谱,可以获取关于蛋白质、DNA、生物膜结构信息.原子力显微镜不仅能反映测量体系的力学性质,由于其具有独特的时间、空间分辨及实时成像,因而能提供更多信息.