含水率对砂岩渐进破裂过程影响的试验研究

为了研究含水率对砂岩渐进破裂过程的影响,采用MTS-815岩石力学试验系统,考虑不同围压及含水率条件下砂岩的三轴试验,对其渐进破裂坏过程进行试验研究,分析不同含水率条件下砂岩的渐进破裂指标及其扩容特性的演化规律。研究结果表明,含水率对砂岩的渐进破裂过程存在促进作用;随着含水率的增加,砂岩的闭合应力、起裂强度、损伤强度和峰值强度均逐渐减小;且当砂岩饱水系数在0.7左右时,岩石损伤强度和峰值强度减少量超过20%;砂岩含水率对岩石强度的弱化作用较明显,而砂岩含水率的变化对扩容速率影响不明显,但随着含水率的增大,岩石压缩极限减小,扩容提前发生。     

双曲面摩擦摆支座典型桥梁的地震响应研究

为研究不同因素对粤东高烈度地区双曲面摩擦摆支座高速公路典型桥梁工程地震响应的影响,选取潮安韩江特大桥主桥(55+4×90+55)m为研究对象,该桥所有墩梁之间均采用双曲面摩擦摆支座。采用ANSYS有限元软件建立全桥模型,基于时程分析法研究了多种因素下桥梁结构的地震响应。研究表明,在纵桥向地震动激励下,桩土的相互作用对各桥墩墩底地震响应影响显著;栓钉全部剪断比栓钉全部不剪断的各桥墩墩底弯矩和剪力分布更均匀,桥墩上的固定支座栓钉不剪断将会增加该桥墩的弯矩、剪力以及支座剪力,但对其他桥墩的影响较小;该研究成果可应用于带栓钉的摩擦摆支座桥梁的地震响应分析。     

Mechanics of formation and rupture of human aneurysm

The mechanical response of the human arterial wall under the combined loading of inflation, axial extension, and torsion is examined within the framework of the large deformation hyper-elastic theory. The probability of the aneurysm formation is explained with the instability theory of structure, and the probability of its rupture is explained with the strength theory of material. Taking account of the residual stress and the smooth muscle activities, a two layer thick-walled circular cylindrical tube model with fiber-reinforced composite-based incompressible anisotropic hyper-elastic materials is employed to model the mechanical behavior of the arterial wall. The deformation curves and the stress distributions of the arterial wall are given under normal and abnormal conditions. The results of the deformation and the structure instability analysis show that the model can describe the uniform inflation deformation of the arterial wall under normal conditions, as well as formation and growth of an aneurysm under abnormal conditions such as the decreased stiffness of the elastic and collagen fibers. From the analysis of the stresses and the material strength, the rupture of an aneurysm may also be described by this model if the wall stress is larger than its strength.     

Damage of ductile materials deforming under multiple plastic or viscoplastic mechanisms

This work presents a model to represent ductile failure (i.e. failure controlled by nucleation, growth and coalescence) of materials whose irreversible deformation is controlled by several plastic or viscoplastic deformation mechanisms. In addition work hardening may result from both isotropic and kinematic hardening. Damage is represented by a single variable representing void volume fraction. The model uses an additive decomposition of the plastic strain rate tensor. The model is developed based on the definition of damage dependant effective scalar stresses. The model is first developed within the generalized standard material framework and expressions for Helmholtz free energy, yield potential and dissipation potential are proposed. In absence of void nucleation, the evolution of the void volume fraction is governed by mass conservation and damage does not need to be represented by state variables. The model is extended to account for void nucleation. It is implemented in a finite element software to perform structural computations. The model is applied to three case studies: (i) failure by void growth and coalescence by internal necking (pipeline steel) where plastic flow is either governed by the Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman model or the Thomason model, (ii) creep failure (Grade 91 creep resistant steel) where viscoplastic flow is controlled by dislocation creep or diffusional creep and (iii) ductile rupture after pre-compression (aluminum alloy) where kinematic hardening plays an important role.     

Structure, Mechanical Properties, and Mechanics of Intracranial Saccular Aneurysms

Intracranial saccular aneurysms remain an enigma; it is not known why they form, why they enlarge, or why only some of them rupture. Nonetheless, there is general agreement that mechanics plays an essential role in each aspect of the natural history of these potentially deadly lesions. In this paper, we review recent findings that discount limit point instabilities under quasi-static increases in pressure and resonance under dynamic loading as possible mechanisms of enlargement of saccular aneurysms. Indeed, recent histopathological data suggest that aneurysms enlarge due to a stress-mediated process of growth and remodeling of collagen, the primary load-bearing constituent within the wall. We submit that advanced theoretical, experimental, and numerical studies of this process are essential to further progress in treating this class of pathologies. The purpose of this review is to provide background and direction that encourages elasticians to contribute to this important area of research. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

薄壁金属圆管在钝圆锥头弹体正冲击及斜冲击下破裂的实验研究

对薄壁软钢圆管在 90°圆锥头子弹正冲击和斜冲击下的破裂进行了实验研究 .测量了子弹以不同冲击角冲击时 ,圆管产生穿透性破裂的最小速度 (临界破裂速度 ) ,找出管壁在不同冲击角下局部破裂的模式 .在子弹以临界破裂速度正冲击下 ,靶壁逐渐覆盖整个弹头 ,管壁的最后破裂是剪切型的 ;当斜冲击角为 30°时 ,子弹的尖端会刺透靶壁 ,在这些斜冲击角下 ,子弹的临界破裂动能仅仅是正冲击下的 4 5% .     

On the surface instability of elastic half spaces

In this paper, we present some work on the surface instability of elastic half spaces. An analysis of surface instability of an incompressible half space under biaxial loading is summarized, and the critical condition for the onset of surface buckling is given. As an example in the case of compressible materials, the axisymmetric problem of surface instability for a half space made of a standard material is analyzed, and the dependence of buckling parameters on the material is revealed.     

A density functional theory study of formaldehyde adsorption and oxidation on CeO2(1 1 1) surface

The effects of different oxygen species and vacancies on the adsorption and oxidation of formaldehyde over CeO₂(1 1 1) surface were systematically investigated by using density functional theory (DFT) method. On the stoichiometric CeO₂(1 1 1) surface, the C-H bond rupture barriers of chemisorbed formaldehyde are much higher than that of formaldehyde desorption. On the reduced CeO₂(1 1 1) surface, the energy barriers of C-H bond ruptures are less than those on the stoichiometric CeO₂(1 1 1) surface. If the C-H bond rupture occurs, CO and H₂ form quickly with low energy barriers. When O₂ adsorbs on the reduced (1 1 1) surface (O₂/O_v species), the C-H bond rupture barriers of formaldehyde are greatly reduced in comparison with those on the stoichiometric CeO₂(1 1 1) surface. If O₂ adsorbs on oxygen vacancy at sub-layer surface, its oxidative roles on formaldehyde are much similar to that of O₂/O_v species.     

ITER ��һ����ȴ���ܵ������¹��ȹ�ˮ����������

采用一体化安全分析程序,建立了ITER装置第一壁/包层及其主热传输系统、抑压系统的事故分析模型。对真空室内第一壁冷却剂管道双端断裂的失水事故进行计算,并选取单根冷却剂管道双端断裂和多根冷却剂管道双端断裂导致的失水事故工况进行热工水力行为的研究,分析相关系统的热力响应。分析表明,在发生第一壁冷却剂管道断裂事故后,由于冷却剂向真空室内释放,导致真空室内压力升高,之后由于抑压系统爆破盘的开启,可以有效缓解真空室内压力的升高,能够保障真空室系统满足设计限值。     

金属蠕变与蠕变破坏理论综述

本文对金属在均匀单向与复杂应力状态下的蠕变与蠕变破坏行为及结构物蠕变下持久性发展了系统的试验与理论研究。 在试验研究中本文考虑了各种金属在恒应力与变应力下的行为,应力集中,加载方式对蠕变破坏的影响;同时还提出了材料的结构损伤的新的量测方法。