滑坡冲击铲刮变量的计算方法研究

高速远程滑坡运动过程中,冲击铲刮效应不仅增加滑坡的体积与规模,而且会增大滑坡成灾范围,风险预测与判断出现明显误差,导致灾难性事件的发生。目前对于高速滑坡的铲刮深度、铲刮范围和铲刮体积等变量计算往往是采用基于经验的铲刮率算法,其是通过体积增量来反算铲刮变量的数学方法,而实际情况中高速滑坡的冲击铲刮是滑体冲击力和地表可铲刮材料之间的力学屈服破坏作用的结果。本文基于接触力学、弹塑性力学和岩土力学,提出了地表可铲刮层在附加冲击荷载作用下铲刮变量的理论计算方法,认为竖向冲击和切向剪切是滑体冲击铲刮过程的两种主要作用方式。结合实际岩土体材料参数,发现不考虑切向荷载时,铲刮层塑性区主要以竖向破裂区为主,考虑切向荷载时,铲刮层塑性区沿切向迁移,直至塑性边界贯通至地表,符合实际情况,实现了对铲刮变量的定量化计算。     

阻尼对空爆荷载等效静载动力系数的影响

为考查阻尼参数对空爆荷载等效静载动力系数的影响,理论推导了空爆荷载下结构等效单自由体系弹塑性位移解及延性比解,设计并计算了阻尼比0.000 1～0.1、延性比1～4的20种典型工况的动力系数,并与现行抗爆设计规范动力系数公式结果进行了对比。结果表明:阻尼比小于0.000 1时可基本代表无阻尼状态,阻尼比0.01的动力系数比无阻尼的最大降低幅度为2.08%,数值差异很小,因此阻尼比为0.01以内时,可忽略阻尼对动力系数的影响;阻尼比0.05的动力系数比无阻尼的降低幅度约9.92%,数值差异较大,认为阻尼比0.05以上时将具有明显的经济效益;现行设计规范动力系数更适用于柔性结构体系,运用于刚性结构抗爆设计时,计算误差较大,对阻尼比较小的结构设计更不利。     

Fracture characteristics of concrete subjected to impact loading

This paper takes concrete as a four-phase composite made of the intact matrix and three mutually perpendicular groups of penny-shaped micro-cracks. The intact matrix is assumed to be elastic,homogeneous and isotropic,and the micro-cracks are penny-shaped. Combined with the failure mechanism of concrete subjected to impact loading,a dynamic constitutive model for concrete is developed based on Mori-Tanaka's average stress concept and Eshelby's equivalent inclusion theory. Experimental results show that concr...     

CALCULATION METHODS ON CRACK RESISTANCE CAPACITY OF CONNECTION COMPOSED OF CSSEUHSC COLUMNS AND SEC BEAMS

In order to investigate the calculation methods on crack resistance capacity of connection composed of cross shaped steel encased ultra high strength concrete (CSSEUHSC) columns and steel encased concrete (SEC) beams under cycle loads, six interior connection specimens were tested in the laboratory. A discussion on the crack resistance capacity was presented. Calculation methods of crack resistance capacity were deduced based on the experimental case and calculation results were in good agreement with the experimental results. The research results indicated that parameters of connection composed of CSSEUHSC columns and SEC beams with better crack resistance performance may be referred for engineering application.     

Preparation and characterization of Pt-supported porous graphite nanofibers

In this work, porous graphite nanofibers (PGNFs) were manufactured as promising catalyst supporter by a physical activation method for direct methanol fuel cells, and Pt nanoparticles were loaded on the PGNFs in order to prepare electrode materials by a chemical reduction method. The pore structures of the Pt/PGNFs were analyzed by N₂ adsorption isotherms at 77 K. Electrocatalytic activities of final products were investigated by voltammetry and conductivity measurements in a 1.0 M CH₃OH/0.5 M H₂SO₄. As a result, electrocatalytic activities of Pt/PGNFs were increased in the presence of Pt particles on the PGNFs and with increasing the specific surface area of the carbons.     

Dynamic adhesive strength of fiber-polymer systems

A new device for studying the dynamic adhesive strength is created. A procedure for determining the dynamic adhesive strength in fiber—polymer systems under impact loading (pull-out technique) is developed. The adhesive strength of the interface of polymer—steel wire joints formed by polymers of different chemical nature (epoxy resin, polysulfone, and polypropylene) is examined. It is shown that the dynamic adhesive strength grows as the loading rate increases for all the systems under investigation and that the relationship between the adhesive strength and the loading rate, , over a wide range of rates can be described by two straight lines corresponding to the quasi-static and impact loading, respectively. When passing from the quasi-static to dynamic loading, the character of scale relations of the adhesive strength does not change.Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 35, No. 6, pp. 689–700, November–December, 1999.     

Stress State of Multilayer Structural Elements Subjected to Static Loading and Optimization of Laminated Beams and Bars

The results of FEM investigation of the triaxial stress state in multilayer structural elements subjected to axial and bending loads are presented. The distribution regularities of the stiffness and stresses or strains depending on the geometric and mechanical characteristics of layers and their position in the cross section of beams and bars are examined. The optimization of these elements is carried out using the dependences of the Bareisis—Paulauskas method and the Optim-98 computer program created by the present authors. As the optimization criteria, the strength, stiffness, mass, and cost of the structural elements are considered.     

Changes in ADC caused by tensile loading of rabbit achilles tendon: evidence for water transport

Water diffusion measurements were performed on rabbit Achilles tendons during static tensile loading and tendons in an unloaded state. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was measured along two directions: parallel and perpendicular to the long axis of the tendon. Tendons were studied after being prepared in two ways: (a) after being stored frozen in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and (b) freshly isolated. Statistically significant directional anisotropy was observed in the ADC in all tendons. The ADC was significantly greater in the direction parallel to the long axis of the tendon than in the perpendicular direction. The anisotropy is attributed to the greater restrictions seen by the water molecules in the perpendicular direction and is consistent with the known geometry of the tendon. Storage in PBS caused tendons to swell. This increased the ADC measured along both directions and reduced the anisotropy. The existence of anisotropy in the ADC was not related to the orientation of the specimen in the magnet. The ADC increased along both directions following the application of a 5-N tensile load; the increase was greatest along the perpendicular axis of the tendon. In order to determine whether load-related changes in the ADC reflected changes in interfibrilar spacing, we used electron microscopy to measure load-related changes in fibril spacing. Load-related changes in fiber spacing could not account for the observed changes in the ADC. The increase in ADC caused by loading was attributed to the extrusion of tendon water into a bulk phase along the outside surface of the tendon. In PBS-stored samples, enough fluid was extruded that it could be visualized. The transient response of the ADC to a 5-N tensile load was also studied. The absolute ADC in both directions increased with loading and recovered to baseline upon unloading. The transient changes in ADC, for both loading and unloading, had a mean time constant of approximately 15 min. The magnitude of the load-induced transient ADC changes was comparable to that seen in the static-loading experiments.     

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根据HCSB-DEMO堆的设计要求,对不同尺寸的聚变堆能产生的聚变功率、中子壁负载和等离子体燃烧时间等进行计算与分析,给出了符合设计要求的堆芯参数。在所选定的堆芯参数条件下进行了零维功率平衡计算分析,给出了3组HCSB-DEMO堆的等离子体初步设计参数。