基于超声的单螺杆挤出机聚合物混合状态表征方法研究*

超声检测单螺杆挤出机中聚合物共混状态时,螺杆结构对回波信号幅值的衰减有很大影响,从而难以判别共混状态。本文分析了螺杆结构对超声回波信号的影响,以超声传播时间为依据,建立螺杆结构模型,根据螺棱位置的回波幅度,计算出低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）的衰减系数和不同螺杆位置的反射系数比,通过拟合建立反射系数比与螺杆结构关系模型;将上述模型应用到混合物中,计算不同位置的传感器采集信号的衰减系数方差并以此表征聚合物混合状态的均匀性。实验结果利用样本的电镜扫描图验证：上述建立模型及混合状态的表征方法可以较好地判别聚合物的共混状态。     

钻进速度对钻杆扭矩影响的理论分析与试验研究

利用钻杆扭矩法预测冲击地压等煤矿动力灾害时,钻进速度是影响钻杆扭矩的一个重要因素。研究钻进速度对钻杆扭矩的影响可以减少预测指标的误差,提高预测准确性。利用自主研发的钻杆扭矩测试装置,对预制煤体相似材料试件进行了不同钻进速度下的钻孔试验,研究了不同钻进速度对钻杆扭矩变化的影响规律。试验结果表明:钻进速度对钻杆扭矩影响很大。同种煤岩体材料,相同压力条件下,钻进速度越快,钻杆扭矩越大,反之,钻杆扭矩越小。上述研究成果可用于减少预测指标误差。     

A Frictional Heat Model of Planetary Roller Screw Mechanism Considering Load Distribution

Planetary roller screw (PRS), with higher thrust, higher load capacity, and higher speed, is the best choice of the transmission component of the servo system. However, spinning sliding of rollers and support bearings can cause frictional moments and frictional heat, which is an undesirable phenomenon. Besides, frictional heat will further result in high temperature that causes deterioration of lubrication and eventually lead to destruction of the mechanism. Therefore, it is important to predict frictional moments which result in frictional heat. In order to predict the magnitude of frictional heat of PRS mechanism and study the influence of structural parameters of thread and operating conditions on frictional heat, first, a frictional moment model of bearings is built, and frictional moments models of PRS considering the elastic hysteresis of material, the spinning sliding of the rollers, the viscosity of lubricating oil and the differential sliding of thread raceways are established in this paper, respectively. Second, heat generation models of bearing and PRS are presented, respectively. Finally, relationships between frictional heat in terms of operating conditions of PRS, contact angle, and helix angle of roller thread are investigated. The achievements of this project will provide theoretical basis for the design of PRS with lower frictional moments and higher transmission efficiency.     

弹性压扭直杆的Greenhill公式对精确模型的推广

将圆截面Kirchhoff弹性压扭直杆的Greenhill公式推广到精确模型.基于平面截面假定,在弯扭的基础上增加了拉压和剪切变形,将弹性杆的位形表达为截面的弧坐标历程.由弹性杆精确模型的平衡微分方程,得到了两端受力螺旋作用时对应于直线平衡状态的特解,导出了线性化扰动方程及其通解,再根据两端为铰支时的边界条件以及积分常数存在非零解的条件导出弹性直杆精确模型的Greenhill公式.结果表明,由力螺旋表示的稳定域为一对称的封闭区域,拉压和剪切对稳定性的影响取决于拉压柔度与剪切柔度之差、抗弯刚度和杆长这三个因素.     

Delay-dependent stability of linear multistep methods for differential systems with distributed delays

This paper deals with the stability of linear multistep methods for multi-dimensional differential systems with distributed delays. The delay-dependent stability of linear multistep methods with compound quadrature rules is studied. Several new sufficient criteria of delay-dependent stability are obtained by means of the argument principle. An algorithm is provided to check delay-dependent stability. An example that illustrates the effectiveness of the derived theoretical results is given.     

缓凝砂浆在单螺杆挤出机中的流动分析

在预应力钢筋上连续包裹一层缓凝砂浆是新型缓粘结预应力混凝土体系得以工程应用的关键。为了弄清包覆过程,了解物料性能、加工条件和螺杆参数等输入变量对包覆输出结果的影响,基于缓凝预应力筋包覆试验,运用Polyflow软件,对宾汉姆体的缓凝砂浆在螺旋槽内流动和变形情况进行CFD(computational fluid dynamics)模拟。得到了可视化的速度场和剪切速率场,模拟了分析螺杆转速、螺杆几何参数对物料流变特性的影响。模拟结果可视,且直观地验证了包覆试验现象,揭示了包覆机理,为包覆装置可靠作业和结构优化提供了理论依据。     

Asymmetric polymerization of the mixture of TrMA and MMA initiated by chiral complexes

A mixture of triphenylmethyl methacrylate (TrMA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) was polymerized with chiral anionic initiator, such as fluorenyl lithium(−)-sparteine [FlLi-(−)-Sp] and fluorenyl lithium-(+)-2S,3S-dimethoxy-1,4-bis(dimethylamino)butane [FlLi-(+)-DDB] in toluene at −78°C. The results show that after the stable helix formed, when FlLi-(+)-DDB was used as the initiator, TrMA and MMA could be copolymerized, whereas when FlLi-(−)-Sp was used, the two monomers tended to be selectively polymerized into two polymers. This phenomenon has been explained by the existence of helix-selective polymerization. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35 : 1925–1931, 1997     

多台阶涡轮轴三辊斜轧减径量对轧制过程的影响规律研究

运用Simufact有限元软件建立了三辊斜轧两道次成形多台阶涡轮轴的仿真模型, 通过数值模拟分析了涡轮轴成形情况, 探究了减径量对轧制过程中轧制力、等效应力-应变以及外圆度误差的影响规律. 结果表明: 随减径量的增大, 轧件第1道次和第2道次的径向载荷、等效应力、等效应变和外圆度误差均呈增大趋势. 综合比较3种方案下的轧件成形情况, 方案2为最佳的道次减径量分配方案, 即第1道次减径6mm, 第2道次各台阶减径量分别为2、9和14mm.     

同向啮合双螺杆挤出机挤出过程的计算机模拟

计算机模拟研究了聚苯乙烯在TSE-35A型同向啮合双螺杆挤出机的挤出过程.计算得到不同喂料速率与不同转速下的停留时间分布,并与在线荧光法测量值对比,二者基本相符.确定了停留时间与螺杆转速及喂料速率之间的函数关系式.模拟结果还预测了喂料速率、螺杆转速等工艺参数对双螺杆内流场变量,如温度、填充率、压力及粘度等的影响.模拟计算有助于了解双螺杆挤出机内部聚合物材料流动状态及停留时间长短,从而指导实际聚合物生产.     

螺位错场的非线性力学解

本文以非线性连续体几何场论为理论基础,分析了无限大体中一个螺位错引起的应力场。结果揭示了非线性高阶效应的影响。当不考虑高阶效应时,所求得的应力场可退化为经典线弹性理论的结果。本文还对螺位错引起的体力矩场进行了求解。获得了无限大体中单个螺位错引起的体力矩的解析表达式。作为理论结果的应用,本文研究了界面附近螺位错的应力场和体力矩场。揭示了它们对界面力学性能的影响。