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111.
Jos Roberto Berretta Wagner de Rossi Maurício David Martins das Neves Ivan Alves de Almeida Nilson Dias Vieira Junior 《Optics and Lasers in Engineering》2007,45(9):960-966
The technique to weld AISI 304 stainless steel to AISI 420 stainless steel with a pulsed Nd:YAG laser has been investigated. The main objective of this study was to determine the influence of the laser beam position, with respect to the joint, on weld characteristics. Specimens were welded with the laser beam incident on the joint and moved 0.1 and 0.2 mm on either side of the joint. The joints were examined in an optical microscope for cracks, pores and to determine the weld geometry. The microstructure of the weld and the heat affected zones were observed in a scanning electron microscope. An energy dispersive spectrometer, coupled to the scanning electron microscope, was used to determine variations in (weight %) the main chemical elements across the fillet weld. Vickers microhardness testing and tensile testing were carried out to determine the mechanical properties of the weld. The results of the various tests and examinations enabled definition of the best position for the incident laser beam with respect to the joint, for welding together the two stainless steels. 相似文献
112.
113.
In the 1950s and 1960s, Charles F. Taylor designed and tested various prototype one-wheeled vehicles. These machines were
stabilized and steered using gyroscopes. In this paper, a simple model of a one-wheeled vehicle is presented and analyzed.
This analysis explains the ability of these machines to exhibit stable steady motions.
相似文献
114.
用俄歇能谱仪对比研究了添加0.2%Y对高硅不锈钢在93%H2SO4介质中所形成的钝化膜中各元素浓度分布的影响,添加0.2%Y增大了SiO2在不锈钢钝化膜中的比例,从而使合金中Si可充分形成富SiO2的钝化膜。 相似文献
115.
In the present article, the relationships between oxidation processes, surface strains and the microstructure of duplex stainless steels were investigated. Specimens were oxidized at 500 °C under secondary vacuum for 1 h to form a thin oxide film (thickness in the range of 20–50 nm). Such specimens were considered as the model system for developing novel methods of analysis in understanding the behavior of passive films. The interfacial strain field after oxidation was measured experimentally at the microscale using the point grid method. On the other hand, the chemical composition of the oxide film was determined at the submicroscopic scale by means of local scanning Auger spectroscopy (with a spot diameter of 50 nm). Local variations of the chemical composition of the oxide film were analyzed according to the specimen microstructure and the strain field. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
116.
Losses in laminated non-oriented steel under the effect of two high harmonic clusters, caused by voltage excitation typical of two-level pulse-with-modulated (PWM) DC-link and space-vector modulated (SVM) matrix converters, were analyzed. The predicting method proposed, which incorporates anisotropy of loss Ka and grain size gs, describes the magnetizing process within the steel by the means of Poisson statistical distribution. Results are then compared to losses determined by Bertotti's model. The two methods confirmed that spreading of sideband harmonics in the kilohertz range can reduce harmonic losses by up to 40% at low power frequencies. 相似文献
117.
The structural characteristics (the volume fraction, size, and shape of and the distance among hardening-phase particles) of aging alloys and steels, which define the behavior of the critical stress intensity factor during thermal hardening, are determined using the structural-mechanical approach we have developed. It is experimentally demonstrated for maraging steels that our approach is capable of proving the correlations of strength, plasticity, and crack- resistance with the structural characteristics, which were varied by changing the chemical composition of steel and thermokinetic aging conditions__________Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 94–101, January 2005. 相似文献
118.
Inge E. Schreinlechner Gerhard Groboth Paul Reithmayr Krystyna Spiradek 《Mikrochimica acta》1990,101(1-6):127-135
Compatibility studies of austenitic stainless steel AISI 316 with liquid lithium for fusion application have shown that a porous ferritic layer is formed on the surface of the steel in the hot leg of a loop experiment due to depletion of alloying elements. The concentration profiles of the removed elements across the cross section of the tube reveal a pronounced step between the austenite matrix and the porous ferrite which is not expected in a normal diffusion process. The removed elements are partly deposited on the surface of the cold leg.In this study we looked at the boundary between the nickel rich deposit and the original matrix of a section of the cold (435 °C) leg. On the surface of the austenite, the expected grain boundary attack of lithium was observed. Additionally, to a depth of about one grain size, chromium and molybdenum were depleted and lithium seemed to also have attacked the bulk material, resulting in a splitting up into smaller grains with decomposed concentrations of the alloying elements, i.e. iron with large amounts of nickel and iron with chromium and small nickel amounts.In this paper a suggestion is put forward describing a reaction mechanism leading to the porous layer in the hot leg as a result of the instability of AISI 316 and its decomposition into two phases under the influence of liquid lithium.Dedicated to Professor Günther Tölg on the occasion of his 60th birthday 相似文献
119.
络合滴定法测定低压流体输送用镀锌焊接钢管镀锌层重量 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
介绍了利用络合滴定法测定低压流体输送用镀锌焊风管镀锌层重量的方法,试样用稀硫酸溶解,在PH1.5 ̄2.0的弱酸性介质中,以磺基水杨酸钠为指标剂,用EDTA滴定铁,调PH为5.5,以PAN为指示剂,用EDTA滴定锌,由EDTA用量求出锌的重量,用GB/T3091-93方法比较,试验结果满意。 相似文献
120.
D.Q. Peng 《Applied Surface Science》2010,256(24):7522-7529
Ammonia-gas nitriding of AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel was studied at temperatures higher than 800 °C using SEM and X-ray diffraction. The result showed that S-phase, an expanded austenite, was formed even at such high temperatures due to a high nitriding potential of ammonia gas. The equilibrium phase, CrN was formed through a decomposition of S-layer in two different modes; the one was through continuous precipitation of particles at the surface-side of S-layer due to a higher nitriding potential; the other through a discontinuous(-like) precipitation at the austenite interface-side, producing a fine lamellar structure of austenite and CrN. The γ-phase in the surface-side resulting from the precipitation of CrN particles subsequently transformed into Fe4N because of a fast enrichment of N atoms and a limited mobility of Cr atoms at the surface-side. A coarse lamellar structure made of austenite and Cr2N was developed in front of fine lamellae composed of austenite and CrN by the decomposition of supersaturated austenite through a discontinuous precipitation via grain boundary movement. 相似文献