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71.
Leslie P Steffe 《The Journal of Mathematical Behavior》2003,22(3):237-295
A case study of two 5th-Grade children, Jason and Laura, is presented who participated in the teaching experiment, Children’s Construction of the Rational Numbers of Arithmetic. The case study begins on the 29th of November of their 5th-Grade in school and ends on the 5th of April of the same school year. Two basic problems were of interest in the case study. The first was to provide an analysis of the concepts and operations that are involved in the construction of three fractional schemes: a commensurate fractional scheme, a fractional composition scheme, and a fractional adding scheme. The second was to provide an analysis of the contribution of interactive mathematical activity in the construction of these schemes. The phrase, “commensurate factional scheme” refers to the concepts and operations that are involved in transforming a given fraction into another fraction that are both measures of an identical quantity. Likewise, “fractional composition scheme” refers to the concepts and operations that are involved in finding how much, say, 1/3 of 1/4 of a quantity is of the whole quantity, and “fractional adding scheme” refers to the concepts and operations involved in finding how much, say, 1/3 of a quantity joined to 1/4 of a quantity is of the whole quantity. Critical protocols were abstracted from the teaching episodes with the two children that illustrate what is meant by the schemes, changes in the children’s concepts and operations, and the interactive mathematical activity that was involved. The body of the case study consists of an on-going analysis of the children’s interactive mathematical activity and changes in that activity. The last section of the case study consists of an analysis of the constitutive aspects of the children’s constructive activity, including the role of social interaction and nonverbal interactions of the children with each other and with the computer software we used in teaching the children. 相似文献
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75.
Lubomír Kubáček 《Mathematica Slovaca》2007,57(1):59-82
In some situations estimates of unknown parameters must be corrected by additional measurements. It is in principle no problem
to calculate the corrected estimates, however, it is of more interest to find formulae for correction itself. The formulae
enable us to design an additional experiment and to judge its usefulness.
The aim of the paper is to find such formulae for several situations.
Supported by the grant of the Council of Czech Government MSM 6 198 959 214. 相似文献
77.
J. P. Wesley 《Foundations of Physics Letters》1990,3(6):581-605
Weber electrodynamics predicts the Kaufmann-Bucherer experiments and the fine structure energy level splitting of the H-atom (neglecting spin) without mass change with velocity (i.e., mass
). The Weber potential for the gravitational case yields Newtonian mechanics, confirming Mach's principle. It provides a cosmological condition yielding an estimated radius of the universe of 8 × 109 light years. Despite these successes, the independent evidence for Kaufmann mechanics, where mass changes with velocity (i.e., mass
) is convincing. Perhaps a slight alteration may make the Weber theory compatible with Kaufmann mechanics. 相似文献
78.
划痕试验法对特殊薄膜系结合力的检测与评价 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
简要介绍了划痕试验法测量表面薄膜与基体结合力的测试原理和实验方法,讨论了影响临界载荷Lc测量值准确性的主要因素,通过对薄膜系的分类以及大量实际测量数据的总结和分析,认为被测薄膜以及基体的物理化学特性对临界载荷的测量具有重要的影响,单纯从声发射信号的变化来确定临界载荷的方法有可能存在较大误差,分析和讨论了某些特殊薄膜系的声发射信号与其实际临界载荷值之间存在较大偏差的现象和原因,并提出了针对不同膜系,合理利用声发射曲线,摩擦力斜率以及显微观测来正确判定临界载荷的必要性。 相似文献
79.
Takayasu Yamauchi Hiroyuki Sazanami Yuuichi Sasaki Kimio Higashiyama 《Tetrahedron》2005,61(7):1731-1736
1,3-Oxazolidines were easily obtained by condensation of N-substituted (R)-phenylglycinol with aldehydes. Addition of organolithium reagents to 1,3-oxazolidines by complexation with the bulky Lewis acid aluminum tris(2,6-diphenylphenoxide) (ATPH) readily produced the corresponding chiral amines with good yield and high diastereoselectivity. The configuration of the new stereogenic center was shown to be opposite to that of adducts obtained for the same 1,3-oxazolidines using Grignard reagents. The best diastereoselectivity was achieved using N-isopropyl-1,3-oxazolidines. The mechanism of addition was deduced by determining the stereochemistry of the iminium-aluminum complex by NOE experiments. 相似文献
80.
A series of calixcrown ethers for which the cavity size of the crown ring is varied from crown-6 to crown-7 to crown-8 were examined for the transport abilities toward alkali metal ions. These ligands were incorporated into supported liquid membranes (SLMs) and into polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) composed of cellulose triacetate (CTA) as a support and 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether (NPOE) and tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP) as a plasticizer. In both membrane systems, calixcrown-6 showed the best selectivity toward a cesium ion over other alkali metal ions. The polymeric CTA membrane showed more rapid transport rate as well as higher durability than did the SLMs. 相似文献