乙腈-水和乙二醇-水均相溶液中光诱导杜醌激发三重态与色氨酸、酪氨酸的氢原子转移反应

本文用激光闪光光解技术研究了光诱导生物醌杜醌激发三重态(³DQ^*)和色氨酸(Trp)与酪氨酸(Tyr)在乙腈-水(MeCN-H₂O)及乙二醇-水(EG-H₂O)均相溶液中的光化学反应,分析了反应的机理,并基于Stern-Volmer方法测量了反应速率常数. 光解DQ体系可以生成³DQ^*,³DQ^*与Trp、Tyr发生的氢原子转移反应占主导地位. 对于DQ/Trp/MeCN-H₂O和DQ/Trp/EG-H₂O溶液,³DQ^*与Trp反应生成杜醌中性自由基DQH^·、以碳为中心的色氨酸中性自由基Trp^·/NH和以氮为中心的色氨酸中性自由基Trp/N^·. 对于DQ/Tyr/MeCN-H₂O和DQ/Tyr/EG-H₂O溶液,³DQ^*与Tyr反应生成DQH^·和酪氨酸中性自由基Tyr/O^·. ³DQ^*与Trp、Tyr的氢原子转移反应速率常数都在10⁹ L·mol^-1·s^-1量级,反应近似受扩散控制. MeCN/H₂O均相溶液中³DQ^*与Trp、Tyr的反应速率常数要明显高于EG/H₂O均相溶液中的反应速率常数,这与Stokes-Einstein方程定性一致.     

Effects of surface damage on critical current density in MgB2 thin films

We investigated the influence of surface damage on the critical current density (J_c) of MgB₂ thin films via 140-keV Co-ion irradiation. The J_c(H) of the surface-damaged MgB₂ films was remarkably improved in comparison with that of pristine films. The strong enhancement of J_c(H) caused by a surface damage in MgB₂ films can be ascribed to additional point defects along with an atomic lattice displacement introduced through low-energy Co-ion irradiation, which is consistent with the change in the pinning mechanism, from weak collective pinning to strong plastic pinning. The irreversible magnetic field (H_irr) at 5 K for surface-damaged MgB₂ films with a thickness of 850 and 1300 nm was increased by a factor of approximately 2 compared with that of a pristine film. These results show that the surface damage produced by low energy ion irradiation can serve as an effective pinning source to improve J_c(H) in a MgB₂ superconductor.     

Pb7F12Br2：一个具有较高激光损伤阈值的潜在中红外非线性光学晶体材料

对一个含Pb的混合卤化物Pb_7F_(12)Br_2进行了合成及单晶结构与性能测试,并首次对它的各种与非线性光学材料相关的主要性能进行了研究。发现该化合物的光学带隙宽达4.32 e V,粉末激光损伤阈值为25 MW·cm-2,远高于同等测试条件下商品化红外非线性光学晶体材料AgGaS_2的粉末激光损伤阈值(5.2 MW·cm-2),它的粉末倍频效应为KDP(KH2PO4)的1.5倍并能够实现相位匹配,粉末透光范围宽为0.3~14μm,热分解温度超过650℃,展示了较好的综合性能。     

Hoechst-naphthalimide dyad with dual emissions as specific and ratiometric sensor for nucleus DNA damage

A ratiometric fluorescent sensor (Hoe-NI) was developed for high specific nucleus labeling and monitoring of nuclear DNA damage in living cells.     

蠕变损伤问题的有效模量法及差分解

本文在蠕变损伤问题中，以有效模量法将损伤变量引入本构方程，给出相应非线性问题的差分解；并将结果与一维实验数据及有效应力法的结果进行了比较。     

Resonant Formation of Strand Breaks in Sensitized Oligonucleotides Induced by Low‐Energy Electrons (0.5–9 eV)

Halogenated nucleobases are used as radiosensitizers in cancer radiation therapy, enhancing the reactivity of DNA to secondary low‐energy electrons (LEEs). LEEs induce DNA strand breaks at specific energies (resonances) by dissociative electron attachment (DEA). Although halogenated nucleobases show intense DEA resonances at various electron energies in the gas phase, it is inherently difficult to investigate the influence of halogenated nucleobases on the actual DNA strand breakage over the broad range of electron energies at which DEA can take place (<12 eV). By using DNA origami nanostructures, we determined the energy dependence of the strand break cross‐section for oligonucleotides modified with 8‐bromoadenine (^8BrA). These results were evaluated against DEA measurements with isolated ^8BrA in the gas phase. Contrary to expectations, the major contribution to strand breaks is from resonances at around 7 eV while resonances at very low energy (<2 eV) have little influence on strand breaks.     

Laser induced damage studies in mercury cadmium telluride

We have investigated laser induced damage at laser wavelength in diamond paste polished (mirror finish) and carborundum polished Hg_0.8Cd_0.2Te (MCT) samples with increasing fluence as well as number of pulses. Evolution of damage morphology in two types of samples is quite different. In case of diamond paste polished samples, evolution of damage morphological features is consistent with Hg evaporation with transport of Cd/Te globules towards the periphery of the molten region. Cd/Te globules get accumulated with successive laser pulses at the periphery indicating an accumulation effect. Real time reflectivity (RTR) measurement has been done to understand melt pool dynamics. RTR measurements along with the thermal profile of the melt pool are in good agreement with thermal melting model of laser irradiated MCT samples. In case of carborundum polished samples, laser damage threshold is significantly reduced. Damage morphological features are significantly influenced by surface microstructural condition. From comparison of the morphological features in the two cases, it can be inferred that laser processing of MCT for device applications depends significantly on surface preparation conditions.     

蠕变－弹塑性－损伤耦合响应的有限元分析

本文处理各向异性非线性材料的蠕变。弹塑性－损伤耦合响应的数值计算。建议了一个计算应力的三级向后欧拉积分算法。导出了一个利用Ｎｅｗｔｏｎ－Ｒａｐｈｓｏｎ迭代的一般的直接应力返回映射算法。同时求解应力向量和蠕变、塑性、损伤的内状态变量。也导出了用于全局Ｎｅｗｔｏｎ－Ｒａｐｈ－ｓｏｎ迭代过程的一致性切线矩阵公式。给出的数值例题结果表明所提出的算法和公式在模拟耦合本构行为上的能力和可靠性。