基于激光吸收光谱技术天然气管道泄漏定量遥测方法的研究

报道了基于激光吸收光谱学原理的天然气管道泄漏移动遥测技术,通过模拟天然气泄漏实验, 分析了移动遥测的关键技术问题.为了定量遥测天然气管道微量泄漏,引入一个和剩余幅度调制(RAM) 等值反相的信号对偏差进行补偿,降低RAM对谐波信号的影响,提高系统检测灵敏度. 针对遥测回波吸收光谱特征,提出了改进软阈值小波去噪法,就提高系统信噪比而言, 比传统软阈值去噪法高2倍多,同时对二次谐波(2f)信号形状也有很好的保留,通过探测限计算, 系统移动遥测灵敏度达到80 ppm/m.     

基于神经网络技术的管道机电阻抗健康状况定量评估研究

将机电阻抗法用于管道法兰和主干结构健康监测,并利用BP神经网络对结构损伤进行定量评估.首先实验研究了管道法兰与主干结构健康状况对阻抗谱的影响,不同的结构损伤可通过阻抗分析仪测量的阻抗实部谱变化反映出来;然后利用BP神经网络技术对管道不同工况下得到的阻抗实部谱进行定量分析.采用阻抗值实部作为输入样本对神经网络进行训练,并使用受训的神经网络实现了对管道中不同结构损伤状况的定量评估.研究结果表明,将机电阻抗法与神经网络数据处理技术结合起来用于复杂管道的结构健康监测,不仅可实现对不同类型损伤的定量评估,同时还具有较高的稳定性.     

Engineering measures for preventing upheaval buckling of buried submarine pipelines

In-service hydrocarbons must be transported at high temperature and high pressure to ease the flow and to prevent the solidification of the wax fraction.The high temperature and high pressure will induce the additional stress in the pipeline,which results in the upheaval buckling of the pipeline.If such expansion is resisted,e.g.,by the frictional effects of the foundation soil over a kilometer or of a pipeline,the compressive axial stress will be set up in the pipe-wall.When the stress exceeds the constraint of the foundation soil on the pipeline,suddenly-deforming will occur to release the internal stress,similar to the sudden deformation of the strut due to stability problems.The upheaval buckling may jeopardize the structural integrity of the pipeline.Therefore,effective engineering measures against this phenomenon play an important role in the submarine pipeline design.In terms of the pipeline installation and protection measures commonly used in Bohai Gulf,three engineering measures are investigated in great details.An analytical method is introduced and developed to consider the protection effect of the anti-upheaval buckling of the pipeline.The analysis results show that the amplitude of the initial imperfection has a great effect on the pipeline thermal upheaval buckling.Both trenching and burial and discrete dumping are effective techniques in preventing the pipeline from buckling.The initial imperfection and operation conditions of the pipelines determine the covered depth and the number of layers of the protection measures.     

流水线模数转换器系统功耗建模与优化方法

针对低功耗应用的需求,对流水线模数转换器(ADC)的系统功耗进行了研究与分析,深入探讨了余量放大器电流、级分辨率分配、热噪声限制、电容缩减系数以及前级采样保持电路等因素对系统功耗的影响.在分析基础上进行了功耗建模,导出系统总功耗.同时,提出采用混合搜索算法来同时优化流水线每一级的精度和单位电容值,实现了一个可以自动完成整个优化过程的CAD工具,应用该工具分别在不同优化条件下对10～15位流水线ADC进行了优化,并给出了14位,100MS.s-1 ADC的具体优化结果.     

基于改进CAPSO的原油管道调合多性质优化方法

在仔细研究原油管道调合工艺基础上,提出一种基于改进有约束自适应粒子群优化(CAPSO)算法的原油管道调合多性质优化方法。首先,基于原油调合规则库、优化预处理及设备实际工作能力约束,建立了多原油多性质优化模型;然后,根据原油调合目标,通过CAPSO算法对优化模型进行快速、准确的优化计算,获得多种组分原油的最优配比。投运效果表明,系统能够自动、高效计算出原油调合的最优配比,避免人工计算所造成的一致性差,计算效率低并且不易获得最佳配比的问题,有效提高了加工设备的生产效率。     

串联电解池的创新实验

城市地下输电线路断开后,会与潮湿土壤中处于地上或地下的铁轨(管线)形成回路,加快铁轨(管线)腐蚀。该原理相当于将串联电解池的电解质溶液合并,两池中非连接电源的两电极合为一导体平放于连接电源的两极之间,形成一个特殊的串联电解池。基于以上内容,创新了实验。     

Depletion interactions in cylindric pipeline

In a colloidal system confined by a small cylindric pipeline, the depletion interaction between two large spheres is different to the system confined by two plates, and the influence on depletion interaction from the pipeline is related to both the size and shape of it. In this paper, the depletion interactions in the systems confined by pipelines of different sizes or different shapes are studied by Monte Carlo simulations. The numerical results show that the influence on depletion force from the cylindric pipeline is stronger than that from two parallel plates, and the depletion force will be strengthened when the diameter of the cylinder is decreased. In addition, we also find that the depletion interaction is rather affected if the shape change of the pipeline is slightly changed, and the influence on depletion force from the shape change is stronger than that from the size change.     

编码系统研究及VLSI实现

提出了一种JPEG2000编码系统结构和VLSI方案.该方案以小波子带为单位,多套并行处理.对JPEG2000标准中各个模块的算法进行了逻辑化简、并行编码等优化.如采用双行并行9/7提升小波分解,条带并行的比特平面编码,简化区间更新和并行归一化算术编码等.各模块均以流水线方式工作,其中的比特平面编码和算术编码采用异步流水线方式动态分配执行时间,加速比均接近于流水段数3.以图像信号产生板送入原始图像,编码后送入PC机进行码流截断和解压缩.该系统在各个压缩率下的信噪比与LuraWave商用压缩软件的差距均在0.8 dB之内,可见改进后的算法可行且有效,像元时钟可达20 MHz.     

顺序输送混油过程的二维数值分析

采用二维对流扩散模型对成品油顺序输送中的混油问题进行了数值模拟研究,运用目前求解对流扩散方程比较有效的两步法,对层流态和湍流态顺序输送的混油段流动分别进行了数值计算,分析了层流态和湍流态下的顺序输送规律,表明湍流态输送比层流态输送的混油量要小,并得到了混油截面平均浓度随时间的变化特点,以及湍流扩散系数对混油浓度的影响规律.     

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本文以ANSYS软件为平台建立了近底床钢管-混凝土单层悬跨海管有限元模型,综合应用PIPE59单元、MATRIX27单元和COMBIN40单元模拟了管内流体流动引起的科氏力、离心力以及海管与底床的弹性接触,计算了不同悬跨长度下的海管位移、应力及固有频率,通过与工程常用规范对照,验证了模型的正确性。研究表明,应用ANSYS软件可模拟近底床悬跨海管在内流、外流共同作用下的位移、应力及固有频率,本文建模方法便于工程应用。