微重力条件下舱内对流换热的地面质-热比拟

运用热量传递和质量传递的相似比拟原理,对载人航天器地面模拟舱内空气的对流换热和对流传质进行了理论分析,对萘升华质－热比拟实验技术用于微重力舱内对流换热地面模拟的可行性进行了讨论。提出了一种工作压力和模型尺寸保持的抑制自然对流的地面模拟技术,并用数值方法对其进行了验证。结果表明,这一技术可用于载人航天器工作舱内对流换热的地面模拟实验。     

One problem of the theory of dimensional electrochemical machining of metals

A method is proposed for determining the shape of the anode-article boundary for a given shape of the cathode-tool in plane problems of the theory of dimensional electrochemical machining of metals. Under the assumptions used, the boundary of the anode-article is divided into the working zone, where metal dissolution occurs, and an adjacent zone, where the treatment (dissolution) is terminated. The initial problem is reduced to a problem of a fictitious plane-parallel potential flow of an ideal fluid with a nonlinear condition on the free surface. The point of separation of the fictitious flow from the solid boundary corresponds to the point separating these two zones of the anode boundary. The Brillouin-Will condition of smooth separation is imposed at the separation point to construct a closed system of equations determining the problem solution. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 50, No. 3, pp. 214–220, May–June, 2009.     

板锥网壳结构的连续化分析

板锥网壳结构是一种受力性能合理，技术经济效益良好的新型空间结构形式。本文将板锥网壳结构连续化为能共同作用的特殊形式的三层薄壳，按薄壳理论建立其位移法和混合法的基本微分方程。通过对微分方程的求解，计算其整体位移及结构内力。该法具有一定的精度，可宏观地了解结构的力学性能，并可用于板锥网壳结构的初步设计。     

正交异性扁壳的等价关系式和不变量

提出各向同性扁壳比拟法,分析满足条件D_3=D_(12)=(D_1D_2)~(1/2)的正交异性扁壳大挠度弯曲和超屈曲问题,导出了正交异性扁壳与各向同性扁壳之间,两种不同正交异性扁壳之间坐标变量、扁壳厚度和曲率半径、荷载、挠度、转角、弯矩、扭矩、中面应力的等价关系式,还证明了等价正交异性扁壳的几个等价不变量。     

Noise radiated by a non-isothermal,temporal mixing layer. Part I: Direct computation and prediction using compressible DNS

Direct numerical simulations (DNSs) are performed in order to study acoustic emissions generated during the transition of isothermal and non-isothermal mixing layers. The sound from temporally evolving mixing layers is computed directly using DNS for a computational domain, which includes both aerodynamic and acoustic fields. Good precision of the computed acoustic field is ensured by using a numerical code based on high-order finite difference schemes of quasi-spectral accuracy. Two- and three-dimensional simulations of mixing layers are performed for various Mach numbers and temperature ratios. For each case, the acoustic radiation of the mixing layer transition is investigated. Comparisons illustrate the importance of the combined effects of temperature and Mach number on the acoustic intensity. Qualitative agreement with existing experimental observations for hot jet flows is observed. It is also found that the appearance of three-dimensional motion leads to a substantial reduction of sound emissions. In the second part of this study, DNS data are used to perform acoustic analogy predictions. Excellent agreement between direct computations and predictions is obtained in all cases. Analysis of the source terms yields a new interpretation of temperature and Mach number effects, based on the predominance of one term over the other.     

压电结构的热弹性比拟建模方法

通过比较逆压电效应本构方程和热弹性本构方程,在线性范围内建立逆压电效应和热弹性效应的比拟关系:将驱动电压比拟为温度载荷,压电应变系数比拟为热膨胀系数,用热弹性有限元方法分析逆压电效应,并采用热弹性比拟方法求解基于长度伸缩逆压电效应和厚度剪切逆压电效应的驱动器问题,给出了平面结构“热-机-电”耦合问题的热弹性比拟求解方法。热弹性比拟方法为快速建立复杂压电结构的有限元模型提供了一种有效的途径,可缩短复杂压电主动结构的设计周期,降低设计成本。最后给出数值算例说明文中方法的有效性。     

超细长弹性杆的分析力学问题

超细长弹性杆作为DNA等生物大分子链的力学模型，其平衡和稳定性问题已成为力学与分子生物学交叉的研究热点．虽然在Kirchhoff动力学比拟的基础上，用分析力学方法讨论弹性杆的文章已见诸文献，但尚未形成弹性杆分析力学的严格理论．本文研究了超细长弹性杆分析力学的若干基础性问题．对杆截面的自由度、虚位移、约束方程及约束力等基本概念给出严格的定义和表达式．建立弹性杆平衡的D’Alembert-Lagrange原理、Jourdain原理和Gauss原理；从D’Alembert-Lagrange原理导出Hamilton原理．从变分原理出发导出Lagrange方程、Nielsen方程、Appell方程和Hamilton正则方程；对于受约束的弹性杆，导出了带乘子的Lagrange方程．讨论了Lagrange方程的首次积分．对于杆中心线存在尖点的情形，导出了微段杆平衡的近似方程。     

新疆下坂地水库Ⅷ号古滑坡稳定性分析预测

水库内古滑坡历来颇受关注,它能否对水利枢纽工程构成威胁应进行多方面分析而不是仅以简单的力学计算为依据。本文以新疆下坂地水利枢纽工程Ⅷ号古滑坡为例,通过地质鉴别、成因机制分析及运动特征反演、工程类比、刚体极限平衡计算、数值模拟等多种方法对水库蓄水后古滑坡整体稳定性进行预测,分析古滑坡变形破坏方式。这种综合分析方法可供普遍存在的水库滑坡稳定性预测参考。     

瞬态波在层合板中传播的粘弹比拟法

本文发展了粘弹比拟理论,并将之用于求解半无限空间三层复合材料在垂直层合方向传播的瞬态波问题。对于层合板中应力波的传播问题,寻找到了一等效粘弹体,并用一种较好的Laplace变换的数值反演法求得了等效松弛函数和其它一些必要的辅助函数。用特征线法求得了等效粘弹体的应力和速度,进而得到了三层复合材料中心的应力、速度,进一步就得到了层中任意点的应力和速度。对于一个可由精确理论(射线理论)给出计算结果的问题,将粘弹比拟理论的结果和射线理论的结果进行了比较,结果表明,粘弹比拟理论对三层复合材料的瞬态波传播问题是相当成功的。     

GENERALIZATION OF KIRCHHOFF KINETIC ANALOGY TO THIN ELASTIC SHELLS 1)

将弹性细杆的"Kirchhoff动力学比拟"方法推广到弹性薄壳,使弹性薄壳的变形在物理概念上和刚体的运动对应, 在数学表述上等同,从而可以用刚体动力学的理论和方法研究弹性薄壳的变形,为连续的弹性薄壳提供新的离散化方法. 在直法线假设下,在弹性中面上构筑空间正交轴系, 此轴系沿坐标线"运动"的角速度构成两自变量的弯扭度. 沿两个坐标线的弯扭度表达了弹性薄壳的变形和位形,证明了弯扭度之间以及弯扭度与中面切矢间的相容关系. 用Euler角和Lam$\acute{e}$系数表达了非完整约束和中面位形的微分方程,用弯扭度和Lam$\acute{e}$系数表达了应变和应力以及内力及其本构方程.导出了用分布内力集度表达的弹性薄壳在变形后位形上的平衡偏微分方程组,方程的形式与刚体动力学的Euler方程和弹性细杆的Kirchhoff方程具有相似性,实现了Kirchhoff动力学比拟对弹性薄壳的推广.总结了弹性薄壳静力学和刚体动力学以及弹性细杆静力学在概念上的比拟关系.最后给出了一个算例. 为研究弹性薄壳的变形和运动提供新的建模方法和研究思路.也可进一步推广到弹性薄壳动力学.