全文获取类型
收费全文 | 15892篇 |
免费 | 2319篇 |
国内免费 | 2286篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 11600篇 |
晶体学 | 603篇 |
力学 | 2444篇 |
综合类 | 103篇 |
数学 | 759篇 |
物理学 | 4988篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 44篇 |
2023年 | 213篇 |
2022年 | 404篇 |
2021年 | 555篇 |
2020年 | 892篇 |
2019年 | 626篇 |
2018年 | 563篇 |
2017年 | 663篇 |
2016年 | 924篇 |
2015年 | 835篇 |
2014年 | 958篇 |
2013年 | 1322篇 |
2012年 | 877篇 |
2011年 | 1104篇 |
2010年 | 914篇 |
2009年 | 934篇 |
2008年 | 1064篇 |
2007年 | 1082篇 |
2006年 | 983篇 |
2005年 | 852篇 |
2004年 | 793篇 |
2003年 | 752篇 |
2002年 | 528篇 |
2001年 | 479篇 |
2000年 | 391篇 |
1999年 | 308篇 |
1998年 | 266篇 |
1997年 | 211篇 |
1996年 | 166篇 |
1995年 | 123篇 |
1994年 | 130篇 |
1993年 | 97篇 |
1992年 | 78篇 |
1991年 | 64篇 |
1990年 | 55篇 |
1989年 | 44篇 |
1988年 | 26篇 |
1987年 | 32篇 |
1986年 | 33篇 |
1985年 | 20篇 |
1984年 | 21篇 |
1983年 | 18篇 |
1982年 | 16篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 9篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1971年 | 6篇 |
1957年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 265 毫秒
991.
Danyang Feng Yangbo Dong Liangliang Zhang Dr. Xin Ge Prof. Wei Zhang Prof. Sheng Dai Prof. Zhen-An Qiao 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,132(44):19671-19677
The development of noble-metal-free heterogeneous catalysts is promising for selective oxidation of aromatic alcohols; however, the relatively low conversion of non-noble metal catalysts under solvent-free atmospheric conditions hinders their industrial application. Now, a holey lamellar high entropy oxide (HEO) Co0.2Ni0.2Cu0.2Mg0.2Zn0.2O material with mesoporous structure is prepared by an anchoring and merging process. The HEO has ultra-high catalytic activity for the solvent-free aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol. Up to 98 % conversion can be achieved in only 2 h, to our knowledge, the highest conversion of benzyl alcohol by oxidation to date. By regulating the catalytic reaction parameters, benzoic acid or benzaldehyde can be selectively optimized as the main product. Analytical characterizations and calculations provide a deeper insight into the catalysis mechanism, revealing abundant oxygen vacancies and holey lamellar framework contribute to the ultra-high catalytic activity. 相似文献
992.
Dr. Shuang Pan Dr. Haiyang Zou Aurelia C. Wang Dr. Zewei Wang Jiwoo Yu Chuntao Lan Qiliang Liu Prof. Zhong Lin Wang Prof. Tianquan Lian Prof. Juan Peng Prof. Zhiqun Lin 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,132(35):15052-15059
Despite recent progress in producing perovskite nanowires (NWs) for optoelectronics, it remains challenging to solution-print an array of NWs with precisely controlled position and orientation. Herein, we report a robust capillary-assisted solution printing (CASP) strategy to rapidly access aligned and highly crystalline perovskite NW arrays. The key to the CASP approach lies in the integration of capillary-directed assembly through periodic nanochannels and solution printing through the programmably moving substrate to rapidly guide the deposition of perovskite NWs. The growth kinetics of perovskite NWs was closely examined by in situ optical microscopy. Intriguingly, the as-printed perovskite NWs array exhibit excellent optical and optoelectronic properties and can be conveniently implemented for the scalable fabrication of photodetectors. 相似文献
993.
Dr. Ke Li Dr. Jian Yang Prof. Rong Huang Prof. Shaoliang Lin Prof. Jinlou Gu 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,132(33):14228-14232
Ordered mesoporous metal–organic frameworks (mesoMOFs) were constructed with a uniform pore size up to about 10 nm and thick microporous walls, opening up the possibility for the mass diffusion of large-size molecules through crystalline MOFs. The synergistic effects based on triblock copolymer templates and the Hofmeister salting-in anions promote the nucleation of stable MOFs in aqueous phase and the in situ crystallization of MOFs around templates, rendering the generation of a microcrystal with periodically arranged large mesopores. The improved mass transfer benefiting from large-pore channels, together with robust microporous crystalline structure, endows them as an ideal nanoreactor for the highly efficient digestion of various biogenic proteins. This strategy could set a guideline for the rational design of new ordered large-pore mesoMOFs with a variety of compositions and functionalities and pave a way for their potential applications with biomacromolecules. 相似文献
994.
995.
Dr. Shengfu Tong Cuiping Luo Jiade Li Dr. Zongwei Mei Prof. Mingmei Wu Prof. Anthony P. O'Mullane Prof. Huaiyong Zhu 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,132(47):21095-21099
The practical applications of non-aqueous lithium-oxygen batteries are impeded by large overpotentials and unsatisfactory cycling durability. Reported here is that commonly encountered fatal problems can be efficiently solved by using a carbon- and binder-free electrode of titanium coated with TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNAs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Ultraviolet irradiation of the TNAs generates positively charged holes, which efficiently decompose Li2O2 and Li2CO3 during recharging, thereby reducing the overpotential to one that is near the equilibrium potential for Li2O2 formation. The AuNPs promote Li2O2 formation, resulting in a large discharge capacity. The electrode exhibits excellent stability with about 100 % coulombic efficiency during continuous cycling of up to 200 cycles, which is due to the carbon- and binder-free composition. This work reveals a new strategy towards the development of highly efficient oxygen electrode materials for lithium-oxygen batteries. 相似文献
996.
Xiangfeng Luan Dr. Cristina Martín Pengfei Zhang Qian Li Dr. Isabella Anna Vacchi Prof. Lucia Gemma Delogu Prof. Yiyong Mai Dr. Alberto Bianco 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,132(42):18673-18679
As an emerging member of the graphene family, structurally defined graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have shown promising applications in various fields. The evaluation of the degradability of GNRs is particularly important for assessing the persistence level and risk of these materials in living organisms and the environment. However, there is a void in the study of the degradation of GNRs. Here, we report the degradation behavior of GNRs in the presence of human myeloperoxidase (hMPO) or treated with the photo-Fenton (PF) reaction. With the assistance of potassium hydroxide or imidazole, which facilitates the dispersion of GNRs in the aqueous solution, GNRs underwent only partial degradation after 25-hour incubation with hMPO, while, the PF reaction degraded GNRs almost completely after 120 hours. These results indicate that structurally precise GNRs can be efficiently degraded under suitable conditions, providing more opportunities for future applications in different fields. 相似文献
997.
Zhiwei Tie Prof. Zhiqiang Niu 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,132(48):21477-21487
Organic electroactive compounds are attractive to serve as the cathode materials of aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) because of their resource renewability, environmentally friendliness and structural diversity. Up to now, various organic electrode materials have been developed and different redox mechanisms are observed in aqueous Zn/organic battery systems. In this Minireview, we present the recent developments in the energy storage mechanisms and design of the organic electrode materials of aqueous ZIBs, including carbonyl compounds, imine compounds, conductive polymers, nitronyl nitroxides, organosulfur polymers and triphenylamine derivatives. Furthermore, we highlight the design strategies to improve their electrochemical performance in the aspects of specific capacity, output voltage, cycle life and rate capability. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future perspectives of aqueous Zn/organic batteries. 相似文献
998.
Qi Hu Zhen Han Xiaodeng Wang Guomin Li Ziyu Wang Xiaowan Huang Hengpan Yang Xiangzhong Ren Qianling Zhang Jianhong Liu Prof. Chuanxin He 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,132(43):19216-19221
Previous density-functional theory (DFT) calculations show that sub-nanometric Cu clusters (i.e., 13 atoms) favorably generate CH4 from the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), but experimental evidence is lacking. Herein, a facile impregnation-calcination route towards Cu clusters, having a diameter of about 1.0 nm with about 10 atoms, was developed by double confinement of carbon defects and micropores. These Cu clusters enable high selectivity for the CO2RR with a maximum Faraday efficiency of 81.7 % for CH4. Calculations and experimental results show that the Cu clusters enhance the adsorption of *H and *CO intermediates, thus promoting generation of CH4 rather than H2 and CO. The strong interactions between the Cu clusters and defective carbon optimize the electronic structure of the Cu clusters for selectivity and stability towards generation of CH4. Provided here is the first experimental evidence that sub-nanometric Cu clusters facilitate the production of CH4 from the CO2RR. 相似文献
999.
Dr. Qingwei Zhou Prof. Jialong Duan Prof. Xiya Yang Dr. Yanyan Duan Prof. Qunwei Tang 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,132(49):22181-22185
Perovskite lattice distortion induced by residual tensile strain from the thermal expansion mismatch between the electron-transporting layer (ETL) and perovskite film causes a sluggish charge extraction and transfer dynamics in all-inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs) because of their higher crystallization temperatures and thermal expansion coefficients. Herein, the interfacial strain is released by fabricating a WS2/CsPbBr3 van der Waals heterostructure owing to their matched crystal lattice structure and the atomically smooth dangling bond-free surface to act as a lubricant between ETL and CsPbBr3 perovskite. Arising from the strain-released interface and condensed perovskite lattice, the best device achieves an efficiency of 10.65 % with an ultrahigh open-circuit voltage of 1.70 V and significantly improved stability under persistent light irradiation and humidity (80 %) attack over 120 days. 相似文献
1000.
Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) systems are measurement devices for obtaining master curves and complex modules of viscoelastic materials, such as rubbers. The conventional DMAs measurement systems in market have several limitations, which restrict their ability for operating at high frequencies. Thus, Williams, Landel and Ferry (WLF) relation is used to produce master curves and predict the material properties at high frequencies. In conventional DMAs, experiments are done in a range of temperatures, and then a master curve is made for a chosen reference temperature by shifting the measurements data to high frequencies. Therefore, the obtained results, which are not based on direct measurements, can be inaccurate. In order to overcome this problem a new simple shear high-frequency DMA (HFDMA) system is designed and built to directly measure the dynamic mechanical properties of viscoelastic material at high frequencies and the strain levels sufficient for tire manufacturers. The new HFDMA can be used to test any viscoelastic materials which have glass transmission temperature (Tg) lower than room temperature (about 23 °C) such as the Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR). The SBR is the base material for tire tread. The designing process of this new HFDMA is presented in this paper. The rubber specimen shape is chosen by taking into account the shear elastic wave effect, bending, buckling effect and heat generation in the specimen. The repeatability test is accomplished to ensure that the results obtained from the new HFDMA are repeatable and the repeatability uncertainty is about 0.04%. The new HFDMA is validated by comparing to the direct test results of conventional DMA at 100 Hz. The direct high frequency (5 kHz) complex shear modulus and damping factor are compared with the master curve of the conventional DMA developed by the use of WLF relation for SBR. This comparison revealed that the complex shear modulus and damping factor of the SBR obtained from the HFDMA at 5 kHz and 0.05% strain amplitude are about 7% and 6.5% higher than those obtained from the conventional DMA, respectively. 相似文献