Weber electrodynamics: part III. mechanics,gravitation

Weber electrodynamics predicts the Kaufmann-Bucherer experiments and the fine structure energy level splitting of the H-atom (neglecting spin) without mass change with velocity (i.e., mass ). The Weber potential for the gravitational case yields Newtonian mechanics, confirming Mach's principle. It provides a cosmological condition yielding an estimated radius of the universe of 8 × 10⁹ light years. Despite these successes, the independent evidence for Kaufmann mechanics, where mass changes with velocity (i.e., mass ) is convincing. Perhaps a slight alteration may make the Weber theory compatible with Kaufmann mechanics.     

Solution of a class of stochastic linear-convex control problems using deterministic equivalents

In this paper, we identify a new class of stochastic linearconvex optimal control problems, whose solution can be obtained by solving appropriate equivalent deterministic optimal control problems. The term linear-convex is meant to imply that the dynamics is linear and the cost function is convex in the state variables, linear in the control variables, and separable. Moreover, some of the coefficients in the dynamics are allowed to be random and the expectations of the control variables are allowed to be constrained. For any stochastic linear-convex problem, the equivalent deterministic problem is obtained. Furthermore, it is shown that the optimal feedback policy of the stochastic problem is affine in its current state, where the affine transformation depends explicitly on the optimal solution of the equivalent deterministic problem in a simple way. The result is illustrated by its application to a simple stochastic inventory control problem.This research was supported in part by NSERC Grant A4617, by SSHRC Grant 410-83-0888, and by an INRIA Post-Doctoral Fellowship.     

The Smoluchowski limit for a simple mechanical model

We consider a vertical stick constantly accelerated along thex-axis by a forceF and which elastically collides with point particles of the same mass (atoms). The atoms are initially Poisson distributed and are allowed to have four velocities only. It is shown that under suitable scaling of the system the displacementQ(t) of the stick satisfies a nontrivial CLT:Q(t)=vFt+D ^1/2 W(t) (Smoluchowski equation), where the values ofv andD depend on the fact that one atom may collide several times.     

Intrinsic field theory of chemical reactions

An intrinsic principle of least action is presented for the intrinsic dynamism of chemical reactions. Then, as the stationary trajectory, a meta-IRC (intrinsic reaction coordinate) draws a geodesic curve in a rigged Riemannian space. This establishes a geodesic law for the intrinsic dynamism. Moreover, a diagrammatic perturbation theory is formulated for the intrinsic dynamism, and a dynamical interaction between a chemically reacting system and a background system is investigated. Then, the structural stability of the system is discussed using a new concept of the dynamical potential field. An example is given in order to elucidate the present theory.Dedicated to Prof. Hermann Hartmann on the occasion of his 65th birthday.     

Generalized classical theory of magnetism

We consider an Ising model with Kac potential ^dK(¦x¦) which may have arbitrary sign, and show, following Gates and Penrose, that the free energy in the classical limit0+ can be obtained from a variational principle. When the Fourier transform of the potential has its maximum atp=0 one recovers the usual mean-field theory of magnetism. When the maximum occurs forp ₀0, however, one obtains an oscillatory or helicoidal phase in which the magnetization near the critical point oscillates with period 2/¦p ₀¦. An example with a potential possessing parameter-dependent oscillations is shown to exhibit crossover phenomena and a multicritical Lifshitz point in the classical limit.     

Heat conductivity of three periodic Hard Disks via nonequilibrium molecular dynamics

We use a driving field, of the type first suggested by Evans, to generate a steady heat current in the simplest possible system, a two-dimensional periodic fluid of three hard disks. Hard-disk motion equations can be conveniently derived from repulsive constant-force or linear-force potentials by considering the infinitely repulsive limit of these potentials. We show that the isoenergetic and isokinetic forms of the nonequilibrium equations of motion generate steady-state heat conductivities differing by terms of order 1/N, whereN is the number of particles. The resulting conductivities appear to vary as the logarithm of the driving field strength. Even at low fields, the three-body periodic-system results lie well below Enskog's infinite-system prediction.     

超球坐标下原子、分子体系的变分计算：—氦原子和氢负离子基态

应用超球会标表示氦原子和氢负离子的薛定谔方程，将二电子原子在三维空间中的运动转化为单电子原子在六维空间中受广义库仑力作用的运动，我们给出了六维空间广义角动量算符的本征值与本征函数，并以此本征函数微基构造超球波函数，得到超球径微分方程，以广义Laguerre 多项式表示超球径波函数，运用密度矩阵和线性变分法得到非正交基下超球径波函数满足的久期方程，最后求得能量和波函数，计算结果与精确的计算符合良好。     

薄层扫描法测定冬眠过程中刺猬活性组织酶的周期变化

薄层扫描法测定冬眠过程中刺猬活性组织酶的周期变化冯金城（天津师范大学天津３０００７４）孙金生（天津水产研究所天津３００２２１）１前言为了跟踪观察刺猬在冬眠过程中体内乳酸脱氢酶的周期性变化，利用薄层扫描仪测定了其相关的组织同工酶的差异。实践证明，此法简...     

The de novo design of median molecules within a property range of interest

Summary In this paper an application is presented of the median molecule workflow to the de novo design of novel molecular entities with a property profile of interest. Median molecules are structures that are optimised to be similar to a set of existing molecules of interest as an approach for lead exploration and hopping. An overview of this workflow is provided together with an example of an instance using the similarity to camphor and menthol as objectives. The methodology of the experiments is defined and the workflow is applied to designing novel molecules for two physical property datasets: mean molecular polarisability and aqueous solubility. This paper concludes with a discussion of the characteristics of this method.     

Growth, Band Structure and Optical Properties of LiSrBO3 Crystal

The bulk crystal of LiSrBO3 (8.39 g) with a size of 21mm×20mm×15mm was grown by high temperature solution growth method. The relationship between growth habit and crystal structure was discussed. The transmission spectrum shows an UV absorption edge at about 300 nm. The melting temperature of this crystal was determined to be 942 ℃ by DTA-TG measurement. The band structure of the LiSrBO3 crystal was studied by means of the first principle method. An indirect band gap was found to be about 4.0 eV,and a low dielectric constant was estimated to be about 1.9 in terms of theoretical results.