局部连通图的群Z_3-连通性

本文研究了局部连通图的群连通性的问题.利用不断收缩非平凡Z_3-连通子图的方法,在G是3-边连通且局部连通的无爪无沙漏图的情况下,获得了G不是群Z_3-连通的当且仅当G是K_4或W_5.推广了当G是2-边连通且局部3-边连通时,G是群Z_3-连通的这个结果.     

冻融循环和不均匀冻胀下寒区隧道的塑性解答

季冻区长期冻融循环造成围岩强度和变形性能劣化,使得寒区隧道易进入塑性状态,且寒区隧道围岩呈现以径向冻胀为主的不均匀冻胀.合理考虑寒区隧道冻融循环对围岩性能的劣化以及围岩的不均匀冻胀属性,基于Mohr-Coulomb准则推导了寒区隧道冻胀力、应力与位移的塑性解答,同时给出相应的弹性解答和冻结围岩弹-塑性状态的判定方法,对所得解答进行讨论和对比验证,最后探讨了冻融循环、不均匀冻胀与体积冻胀率对寒区隧道应力分布、塑性区半径、洞壁位移和冻胀力的影响规律.研究表明:本文解答具有广泛的适用性和良好的可比性,并得到文献塑性解答的退化验证;冻胀力、洞壁位移与塑性区半径随冻融次数增加分别增大20.3%、8.44倍、2.16倍,以量化长期冻融循环造成围岩性能的劣化效应;冻结围岩由均匀冻胀转变为不均匀冻胀时冻胀力增大42.8%,但塑性区半径几乎无变化;4种体积冻胀率参数均显著影响冻胀力,尤其是水热迁移系数可使冻胀力增大123.6%.本文结果可为季冻区隧道设计与冻害问题解决提供一定的理论依据.     

A novel design scheme for acoustic cloaking of complex shape based on region partitioning and multi-origin coordinate transformation

Acoustic cloaking is an important application of acoustic metamaterials. This article proposes a novel design scheme for acoustic cloaking based on the region partitioning and multi-origin coordinate transformation. The cloaked region is partitioned into multiple narrow strips. For each strip, a local coordinate system is established with the local origin located at the strip center, and a coordinate transformation in the local coordinate system is conducted to squeeze the material along the strip length direction to form the cloaked region. To facilitate the implementation of the acoustic cloak, the multilayer effective medium is used to approximate the non-uniform anisotropic material parameters. The effectiveness of the proposed coordinate transformation method is verified by comparing the results from our method with those in the literature. Firstly, the results of a circular acoustic cloak in the literature are reproduced by using our finite element (FE) simulations for validation. Then, a comparison is made between the traditional coordinate transformation scheme and our new scheme for simulating an elliptical acoustic cloak. The results indicate that the proposed multi-origin coordinate transformation method has a better cloaking effect on the incident wave along the ellipse minor axis direction than the traditional method. This means that for the same object, an appropriate transformation scheme can be selected for different incident wave directions to achieve the optimal control effect. The validated scheme is further used to design an arch-shaped cloak composed of an upper semicircular area and a lower rectangular area, by combining the traditional single-centered coordinate transformation method for the semicircular area and the proposed multi-origin method for the rectangular area. The results show that the designed cloak can effectively control the wave propagation with significantly reduced acoustic pressure level. This work provides a flexible acoustic cloak design method applicable for arbitrary shapes and different wave incident directions, enriching the theory of acoustic cloaking based on coordinate transformation.     

基于双口RAM的新型FPGA质心提取算法设计

针对大多数现有FPGA质心提取算法不适用于大量连通区图像的问题,设计了一套基于双口RAM的新型FPGA质心提取算法。在保持普通FPGA质心算法无需存储整幅图像和只扫描一次图像便可得到质心坐标的特点的前提下,巧妙的使用3个双口RAM作为算法的存储介质,避免了资源的大量消耗,由于没有了资源上的限制,新型算法不再局限于少量连通区图像,已然能够对千个以上的连通区图像进行处理。最后进行了一系列的实验分析：与MATLAB算法的处理结果对比,验证了设计的正确性;与普通FPGA质心算法的实验对比,说明新型算法在节省大量资源的同时还使得算法效率提高了一倍。     

X‐ray third‐order nonlinear plane‐wave Bragg‐case dynamical diffraction effects in a perfect crystal

Two‐wave symmetric Bragg‐case dynamical diffraction of a plane X‐ray wave in a crystal with third‐order nonlinear response to the electric field is considered theoretically. For certain diffraction conditions for a non‐absorbing perfect semi‐infinite crystal in the total reflection region an analytical solution is found. For the width and for the center of the total reflection region expressions on the intensity of the incidence wave are established. It is shown that in the nonlinear case the total reflection region exists below a maximal intensity of the incidence wave. With increasing intensity of the incidence wave the total reflection region's center moves to low angles and the width decreases. Using numerical calculations for an absorbing semi‐infinite crystal, the behavior of the reflected wave as a function of the intensity of the incidence wave and of the deviation parameter from the Bragg condition is analyzed. The results of numerical calculations are compared with the obtained analytical solution.     

多重栾晶钯颗粒的可见光简易合成及对乙醇的电催化氧化

以氯化钯(PdCl₂)为金属前驱体, 乙醇为还原剂, 聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为稳定剂和导向剂, 利用普通市售节能灯产生的光热作用, 辅助制备多重栾晶钯纳米颗粒。用HRTEM、FFT、PXRD、XPS、UV-Vis和FT-IR等技术对产品的形貌、晶体结构、光学性质和稳定性进行了表征, 并通过循环伏安法研究了多重栾晶Pd修饰玻碳电极对乙醇的电催化氧化活性。结果表明, 多重栾晶钯结构的形成依赖于光和热的协同作用。该材料的表面等离子共振吸收峰在可见光区域, 对乙醇有较好的电催化活性和抗中毒能力。     

EU-1分子筛的合成及其在正己烷异构化反应中的催化性能

在不同硅铝比(n_SiO2/n_Al2O3)的合成凝胶(含纯硅凝胶)中引入晶种,合成了纯相的EU-1分子筛。研究了铝源、模板剂和晶种添加量对EU-1分子筛的结晶度、形貌尺寸等的影响;重点研究了不同硅铝比对样品结晶度、晶粒尺寸、酸性、比表面积和孔容等的影响。将合成结果绘制成了纯相EU-1分子筛的合成条件三元图,从三元图可看出,晶种法可显著扩大纯相EU-1分子筛的合成区域。将Pt/H-EU-1用于正己烷异构化反应,结果表明,该催化剂具有优异的正己烷异构化活性及稳定性,对异构烷烃有较高的选择性。     

An innovative approach to utilize waste silica fume from zirconia industry to prepare high performance natural rubber composites for multi-functional applications

Silica fume (SF) is silica-rich amorphous waste by-product obtained during zirconium silicate electrofusion process. The key objective of the study was to determine the efficiency of SF as a reinforcing filler in Natural Rubber (NR) compounds vis a vis the conventional filler, high abrasion furnace (HAF) black. Inter-particle distance and particle size distribution analysis from Transmission Electron Microscopy exhibited homogeneous dispersion of filler in hybrid composite (NR SF20/HAF30) with Bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl] tetrasulfide (TESPT). NR composite with 20 phr SF loading improved modulus by 107%, tensile strength by 12%, and tear strength by 28% over gum NR. Hybrid composite showed 111% increase in modulus than NR SF20 composite. Theoretical modelling of Young's modulus with volume fraction of filler quite fit with Guth-Gold equation. Hybrid composite with TESPT showed 72% reduction in heat build-up compared to NR HAF50 composite. Thermal stability improved by 6 °C and rolling resistance reduced by 64% for hybrid TESPT composite compared to NR HAF50 composite. Constrained region in NR composites obtained from dynamic mechanical analysis showed improved rubber-filler interaction in hybrid TESPT composite. Hence, this work not only provides a new approach to utilize industrial waste but also provides for a high performance NR composite at low cost.     

基于贝叶斯支持向量回归机的自适应可靠度分析方法

进行复杂结构可靠度分析时,由于涉及隐式功能函数和耗时的数值计算,减少结构模型的调用次数在提高分析效率方面显得尤为重要。为此,本文基于贝叶斯支持向量回归机,提出了一种高效的自适应可靠度分析方法。该方法利用贝叶斯支持向量机提供的概率估计信息(均值和方差)构建学习函数,同时通过引入样本间的距离测度防止选取与现有样本过于临近的冗余点,进而能快速有效地选取极限状态曲面附近具有代表性的样本点,以提高代理模型的构建速度和预测精度。此外,在学习过程中引入了有效抽样域策略,有针对性地选取对失效概率估计误差贡献大的点,从而进一步提升结构可靠度分析的计算效率。最后,通过数值算例验证了本文方法对结构可靠度分析的适用性和有效性。