Electrochemical Aptasensor with Layer‐by‐layer Deposited Polyaniline for Aflatoxin M1 Voltammetric Determination

Mycotoxins are highly toxic metabolites of some fungi that frequently contaminate water, food and feed and hence cause several human and animal diseases. In this work, a new approach to the fast and reliable determination of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in water and milk has been proposed with reagent free protocol of signal measurement. For this purpose, DNA aptamer selective to AFM1 was entrapped between two thin layers of polyaniline (PANI) electrodeposited on glassy carbon electrode. The incubation of the aptasensor in the AFM1 solution results in remarkable decrease of the PANI intrinsic activity monitored by direct current voltammetry or electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Appropriate calibration curves were linear in the range from 3 to 90 ng/L with limit of detection (LOD) 1–5 ng/L depending on the measurement mode. Mechanism of signal generation involves shielding electrostatic interactions between the PANI and aptamer in the surface layer and variation of its redox activity attributed to the emeraldine form of PANI. Selectivity of the response was proved by similar experiments with aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A and by comparison of the results with those obtained with non‐specific aptamer in the sensing layer. Simple protocol for milk pretreatment has been proposed for reliable detection of AFM1 on the level of its threshold limited values (20 ng/L).     

Resistive pulse sensing as particle counting and sizing method in microfluidic systems: Designs and applications review

Resistive pulse sensing is a well‐known and established method for counting and sizing particles in ionic solutions. Throughout its development the technique has been expanded from detection of biological cells to counting nanoparticles and viruses, and even registering individual molecules, e.g., nucleotides in nucleic acids. This technique combined with microfluidic or nanofluidic systems shows great potential for various bioanalytical applications, which were hardly possible before microfabrication gained the present broad adoption. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of microfluidic designs along with electrode arrangements with emphasis on applications focusing on bioanalysis and analysis of single cells that were reported within the past five years.     

不同受体结构染料共敏化对染料敏化太阳电池性能的影响

为了拓宽染料敏化太阳电池对太阳光谱的响应范围,提高电池的光电转换效率,将两种含有不同受体结构（绕丹宁-3-乙酸基（RA）和氰基丙烯酸基（CA））的三苯胺染料（TR1和TC1）进行共敏化。TR1染料平伏吸附在TiO₂表面,而TC1染料直立吸附在TiO₂表面。将两种染料按照不同摩尔比共敏化TiO₂后,TC1占据TR1的部分位置,拓展光谱的同时也抑制了电荷复合,电子寿命较TR1敏化的太阳电池长。在TR1与TC1摩尔比为5：5的共敏剂溶液敏化的共敏电池器件中,短路光电流密度（J_sc）为11.7 mA/cm²,开路电压（V_oc）为704 mV,填充因子（FF）为0.73,光电转换效率（η）为6.03%。该结果明显优于单一染料敏化的电池器件。     

Corrosion behavior of CoCrMoW cast alloy in lactic acid environment for surgical applications

The corrosion behavior of CoCrMoW alloy in lactic acid environment during 168 h of immersion at 37 °C has been studied and assessed by means of electrochemical techniques (open circuit potential (OCP), potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)). Further, the oxide film thickness formed after immersion and the quantity of ions released have been evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and inductively coupled plasma optical spectroscopy (ICP-OES). A good correlation between the results, related to the oxide film thickness, obtained from these experimental techniques was achieved. The research has also shown that the tendency of growing of oxide film becomes slower as the time of immersion is longer. The higher corrosion resistance of CoCrMoW alloy in lactic acid environment is due to the formation of the oxide film highly enriched in Cr(III) on the alloy surface. With a small corrosion rate, e.g. 45 nm year⁻¹, this alloy is characterized as “Perfect Stable” according to ISO 8044/2000. Overall, the present study provides additional evidences with respect to the benefic influence of tungsten on passivity, explained by a higher resistance to pitting corrosion of the CoCrMoW alloy in lactic acid with sodium chloride.     

Li10GeP2S12固态电解质电极界面特性研究

采用高温固相法合成了固态电解质Li₁₀GeP₂S₁₂,其室温离子电导率为2.02×10^-3 S/cm,并组装了LiNbO₃@LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂/Li₁₀GeP₂S₁₂/Li全固态电池.恒流充放电测试表明全固态电池首次放电容量121.2 mAh/g,库伦效率40周后稳定在99.8%左右,循环100周后容量保持率达93.7%.电化学阻抗谱的测试结果表明,其典型的阻抗谱图由高频区半圆（HFS）、中频区半圆（MFS）和低频区斜线（LFL）组成,其中,HFS归属于电解质阻抗（R_el//Q_el）,MFS归属于电荷传递过程（R_ct//Q_dl）,LFL归属于锂离子的固态扩散过程.通过选取适当的等效电路,对实验所得的电化学阻抗谱数据进行拟合,并分析了R_el和R_ct随电极电位的变化规律.     

DL capacitance-emission spectroscopy of determining the electrochemical behavior of anodized aluminum in aqueous solutions

In the present investigation, holographic interferometry was utilized for the first time to determine the rate change of the double layer (DL) capacitance of aluminum samples during the initial stage of anodization processes in aqueous solution without any physical contact. In fact, because the DL capacitance values in this investigation were obtained by holographic interferometry, electromagnetic method rather than electronic method, the abrupt rate change of the DL capacitance was called DL capacitance-emission spectroscopy. The anodization process (oxidation) of the aluminum samples was carried out chemically in different sulfuric acid concentrations (0.5-3.125% H₂SO₄) at room temperature. In the mean time, the real-time holographic interferometry was used to determine the difference of the DL capacitance of two subsequent values, dC, as a function of the elapsed time of the experiment for the aluminum samples in 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 3.125% H₂SO₄ solutions. The DL capacitance-emission spectra of the present investigation represent a detailed picture of not only the rate change of the DL capacitance throughout the anodization processes, but also, the spectra represent the rate change of the growth of the oxide films on the aluminum samples in different solutions. Consequently, holographic interferometry is found very useful for surface-finish industries especially for monitoring the early stage of anodization processes of metals, in which the rate change of DL capacitance of the aluminum samples can be determined in situ.     

二端梯形网络等效复阻抗的普适研究

对二端梯形网络等效复阻抗进行了研究,通过网络分析构建非线性差分方程模型,给出了梯形网络等效复阻抗的普适规律,同时分别对LC网络与非理想传输线等情形进行了具体研究,并与相关结果进行了比较.     

边加载径向三腔渡越时间振荡器设计

 提出了一种边加载结构的径向三腔渡越时间振荡器。通过1维单粒子理论研究了直流渡越角和电压调制系数对束-波互作用效率的影响,并进行了2.5维数值模拟验证。数值模拟研究表明:该器件具有低阻抗、高效率、输出微波频率单一稳定等特点。在400 kV,60 kA无外加引导磁场的条件下,获得了平均功率为8 GW,频率为3.9 GHz的微波输出,效率达33.3%,阻抗仅为6.7 Ω。     

Photonic band structure and effect of ε and μ on the reflectivity of one-dimensional magnetic photonic crystal structure

In this paper, we study the photonic band structure and reflection properties in one-dimensional magnetic photonic crystals (MPCs). Investigation of dispersion characteristics shows that in the case of MPCs, photonic band gaps arise due to the contrast in the wave impedance, not due to the contrast in the refractive index, while contrast in the refractive index of the two layers decides the position and number of the band gaps. We also study the effect of permittivity and permeability on reflection bands, which shows that the structure that has larger values of magnetic permeability (μ) than dielectric permittivity (ε) have wider TM-reflection bands, whereas the structure for which ε is greater than μ has wider TE-reflection bands. But the gap to mid-gap frequency ratio for TM-reflection bands is larger than TE-reflection bands. Thus, magnetic permeability has greater impact on the reflectivity of MPCs than dielectric permittivity. Finally, the analysis of the omni-reflectance in MPCs has also been studied.     

Microstructural modification by laser surface remelting and its effect on the corrosion resistance of an Al-9 wt%Si casting alloy

Aluminum alloys with silicon as a major alloying element constitute a class of materials, which provides the most significant part of all shaped castings manufactured. Such alloys have a wide range of applications in the automotive and aerospace industries. The literature presents contradictory results and no satisfactory explanations concerning to resulting microstructures provided by laser surface remelting (LSR) and its effect on the electrochemical behavior of Al-Si alloys. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of microstructural refinement by LSR on corrosion resistance of an Al-9 wt%Si casting alloy. As-cast samples were subjected to a continuous 1 kW CO₂ laser. Corrosion resistance has been analyzed by an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique and polarization curves carried out in both 0.5 M NaCl and 0.5 M H₂SO₄ solutions at 25 °C. An equivalent circuit has also been proposed and impedance parameters were simulated by the ZView^® software. It was found that the structural modification provided by the LSR process induces a decreasing effect on the corrosion resistance when compared to that of the untreated sample.