两种不同气体中的高速爆燃波及其向爆轰的转变

对2C2H2 5O2及2C2H2 5O2 80%Ar两种可燃混合气体中的高速爆燃波及其向爆轰的转变过程进行实验研究.高速爆燃波由孔栅干涉爆轰波的方法直接生成,观测手段则以高速转鼓摄影获取孔栅近场流场x-t纹影图,以传感器追踪波面的后继发展.研究发现,两种气体中的爆燃波具有迥异的特性.前者燃烧波面在较低初压条件下为层流结构,而较高初压下为湍流结构,向爆轰转变点可以延伸至下游较长距离;后者在不同初压条件下燃烧波面无明显差异,爆轰的再次形成只能在孔栅下游近场内建立.两种气体中高速爆燃波的维持和爆轰转变过程均非纯粹激波压缩所致,湍流输运在其中起着必不可少的作用.分析显示,激波压缩效应对纯氧炔气体的高速爆燃和DDT贡献较小,湍流输运占主导地位;而氩气稀释气体较为稳定,缺乏自行衍生剧烈湍流燃烧的能力,因而激波压缩和外界扰动对其高速爆燃传播和爆轰转变起十分重要的作用.     

DEM simulations of die filling during pharmaceutical tabletting

The flow behaviour of powders from a stationary shoe into a moving die, which mimics the die filling process in a rotary tablet press, was analysed using a discrete element method （DEM）, in which 2D irregular shaped particles were considered. The influence of the particle shape, size and size distribution, the number of particles used in the simulation, the initial height of powder bed in the shoe, and the filling speed on the average mass flow rate and the critical filling speed （the highest speed at which the die can be completely filled） were explored. It has been found that a maximum flow rate is obtained at the critical filling speed for all systems investigated and poly-disperse systems have higher mass flow rates and higher critical filling speeds than mono-disperse systems. In addition, the powder with particles which can tessellate generally has a lower filling rate and a lower critical titling speed.     

钛镍形状记忆合金冲击变形后形状记忆效应的研究

采用SHPB技术和可控速率循环加温条件下变形恢复量测定装置研究了冲击及静载变形后的TiNi形状记忆合金的单程及双程形状记忆特性。发现马氏体状态下的TiNi合金的力学特性显示出明显的应变率强化效应 ,并且高应变率压缩应力应变曲线呈现流动平台。应变率对形状记忆效应的影响具有双重性 ,当外加应力或残余应变较小 ,可逆非弹性变形机制起主导作用时 ,提高应变率可以增加其单程形状记忆效应 ;而随外加应力或残余应变增大 ,当基于位错机制的不可逆非弹性变形机制起主导作用时 ,应变率提高却抑制了其单程形状记忆效应。应变率对TiNi合金双程形状记忆效应的影响视塑性变形的大小而异 ,高应变率动载后的双程形状记忆效应在较小塑性应变时 ,比静载后的要强 ;但在较大塑性应变时两者差别不大。     

On success rates for controlled random search

Controlled Random Search (CRS) is a simple population based algorithm which despite its attractiveness for practical use, has never been very popular among researchers on Global Optimization due to the difficulties in analysing the algorithm. In this paper, a framework to study the behaviour of algorithms in general is presented and embedded into the context of our view on questions in Global Optimization. By using as a reference a theoretical ideal algorithm called N-points Pure Adaptive Search (NPAS) some new analytical results provide bounds on speed of convergence and the Success Rate of CRS in the limit once it has settled down into simple behaviour. To relate the performance of the algorithm to characteristics of functions to be optimized, constructed simple test functions, called extreme cases, are used.     

Parallel Asynchronous Global Search and the Nested Optimization Scheme

In this paper, a parallel asynchronous information algorithm for solving multidimensional Lipschitz global optimization problems, where times for evaluating the objective function can be different from point to point, is proposed. This method uses the nested optimization scheme and a new parallel asynchronous global optimization method for solving core univariate subproblems generated by the nested scheme. The properties of the scheme related to parallel computations are investigated. Global convergence conditions for the new method and theoretical conditions of speed up, which can be reached by using asynchronous parallelization in comparison with the pure sequential case, are established. Numerical experiments comparing sequential, synchronous, and asynchronous algorithms are also reported.     

湍流预混火焰传播速度的分形模型研究

本文利用激光层析技术和数字图像处理技术,在对Ｒｅｄ＝４３３５～１１１００范围内的Ｂｕｎｓｅｎ式湍流预混火焰热图像序列进行分形分析的基础上,提出了一种基于分形理论的湍流预混火焰传播速度模型,该模型将小尺度涡团在火焰锋面的强化湍流扩散效应归结为对锋面结构的改变上。结果表明：利用该模型预测的火焰传播速度与试验结果基本吻合。     

外压对环肋圆柱壳轴向弹塑性动力屈曲的影响

采用增量理论,借助增量数值解法研究了复合加载（轴向流－固冲击载荷＋径向均匀外压）条件下环肋圆柱壳的弹塑性动力屈曲,采用类似B－R准则和Southwell方法来确定临界载荷,讨论了径向均匀外压对结构动力性态及抗轴冲击能力的影响。     

裂纹和断层动力学的新进展

阐述裂纹和断层动力学方面的最新观察,以及在连续介质弹性 动力学框架下的相关理论和模拟。所讨论的命题包括：拉伸裂纹前缘 的构型失稳(裂纹前缘波、紊乱、侧向分叉);摩擦滑错准则和地壳断 层中破断模式的关系,尤其是形成自愈合滑错脉冲的条件;以及由于 滑错和交替正应力耦合而导致的沿异相材料界面的丰富多采的断层和 裂纹现象。     

爆炸与冲击载荷下结构和材料动态响应研究的新进展

对激波与高应变率现象的基础问题及应用国际学术会议 (EXPLOMET 2 0 0 0 )和第 2 0届国际理论与应用力学大会 (ICTAM 2 0 0 0 )上有关爆炸冲击载荷下结构和材料动态响应的研究论文进行了回顾和综合分析。分别从应力波、结构的高应变率响应和材料的高应变率响应三个方面就其新进展和新动向作了述评。     

刹车速度对C／C复合材料制动摩擦性能的影响

在MM－1000型摩擦磨损试验上考察了碳布叠层结构的C／C复合材料在不同速度下的制动摩擦磨损行为,并用扫描电子显微镜观察分析了试样磨损表面形貌,结果表明：随着刹车速度的增大,摩擦系数增大,在20－25m/s速度范围出现峰值;当刹车速度增大至28－30m/s时,摩擦系数仍保持较高,体现了优良的高能摩擦特性;磨损量在低速时较小,当刹车速度大于15m/s,磨损量迅速增大,低速时磨损表面由一层薄的磨屑层所覆盖,当速度大于15m／s,大量的磨屑形成一层较厚的磨屑层,高速时由于剧烈的氧化和剪切作用,很多基质碳被氧化剥落,炭纤维被磨断、拔出,使磨损增大。