裂纹和断层动力学的新进展

阐述裂纹和断层动力学方面的最新观察，以及在连续介质弹性 动力学框架下的相关理论和模拟。所讨论的命题包括：拉伸裂纹前缘 的构型失稳(裂纹前缘波、紊乱、侧向分叉)；摩擦滑错准则和地壳断 层中破断模式的关系，尤其是形成自愈合滑错脉冲的条件；以及由于 滑错和交替正应力耦合而导致的沿异相材料界面的丰富多采的断层和 裂纹现象。

NEW PERSPECTIVES ON CRACK AND FAULT DYNAMICS

Recent observations on the dynamics of crack and fault rupture are described, together with related theory and simulations in the framework of continuum elastodynamics. Topics include configurational instabilities of tensile crack fronts (crack from waves, disordering, side-branching), the connection between frictional slip laws and modes of rupture propagation in earth faulting, especially conditions for formation of self-healing slip pulses, and the rich faulting and cracking phenomena that result along dissimilar material interfaces due to coupling between slippage and normal stress alteration.