Dynamics of polydisperse hard-spheres under strong confinement

We use molecular simulation to probe the connection between local structure and the unusual re-entrant dynamics observed for polydisperse hard-sphere liquids confined in thin slit pores. The local structure is characterised by calculating 2-D bond-orientational order parameters associated with square and hexatic order for particles in the layer adjacent to the confining walls. When the wall separation is commensurate with the average particle size, the particles primarily exhibit local hexatic order, whereas local square order increases in prevalence for incommensurate geometries. The relaxation time extracted from the ensemble-averaged mean-square displacement increases exponentially with the static correlation length associated with hexatic local order in strongly confined commensurate geometries, in agreement with theoretical predictions for dynamical slowing. Square order, by contrast, is not associated with a growing length scale for either commensurate or incommensurate geometries, indicating that it is strongly geometrically frustrated. Our results suggest that the influence of bond-orientational order on dynamical slowing may be altered by changing the extent of confinement.     

Equation of state of the hard sphere liquid

Using the results of Monte Carlo simulation, equations of state of hard sphere liquids are calculated for 106 values of the fill factor η= 0.005–0.530 (step of 0.005). In the region of liquid phase stability the absolute accuracy of about 0.00001–0.00008 is reached. Correctness of the accuracy estimate is discussed. The results obtained are compared with reported equations of state of the hard sphere liquid.     

An Air‐Stable Na3SbS4 Superionic Conductor Prepared by a Rapid and Economic Synthetic Procedure

All‐solid‐state sodium batteries, using solid electrolyte and abundant sodium resources, show great promise for safe, low‐cost, and large‐scale energy storage applications. The exploration of novel solid electrolytes is critical for the room temperature operation of all‐solid‐state Na batteries. An ideal solid electrolyte must have high ionic conductivity, hold outstanding chemical and electrochemical stability, and employ low‐cost synthetic methods. Achieving the combination of these properties is a grand challenge for the synthesis of sulfide‐based solid electrolytes. Design of the solid electrolyte Na₃SbS₄ is described, realizing excellent air stability and an economic synthesis based on hard and soft acid and base (HSAB) theory. This new solid electrolyte also exhibits a remarkably high ionic conductivity of 1 mS cm^?1 at 25 °C and ideal compatibility with a metallic sodium anode.     

A confident source of hard X‐rays: radiation from a tokamak applicable for runaway electrons diagnosis

In a tokamak with a toroidal electric field, electrons that exceed the critical velocity are freely accelerated and can reach very high energies. These so‐called `runaway electrons' can cause severe damage to the vacuum vessel and are a dangerous source of hard X‐rays. Here the effect of toroidal electric and magnetic field changes on the characteristics of runaway electrons is reported. A possible technique for runaways diagnosis is the detection of hard X‐ray radiation; for this purpose, a scintillator (NaI) was used. Because of the high loop voltage at the beginning of a plasma, this investigation was carried out on toroidal electric field changes in the first 5 ms interval from the beginning of the plasma. In addition, the toroidal magnetic field was monitored for the whole discharge time. The results indicate that with increasing toroidal electric field the mean energy of runaway electrons rises, and also an increase in the toroidal magnetic field can result in a decrease in intensity of magnetohydrodynamic oscillations which means that for both conditions more of these high‐energy electrons will be generated.     

Molecular Fluids at High Dimensionality

We extend the analysis of orientational first-order phase transitions in anisotropic molecular fluids at high spatial dimensionality to hard-disk fluids, and then to mixture of hard disks and hard spheres. The effect of hard-sphere admixture depends sensitively on the relative sizes of the two geometrical objects, and large spheres completely quench the disk transition. An introductory study is made of spatially ordered states.     

硬X射线位相衬度成象

常规X射线成象技术是建立在吸收衬度和几何光学基础上.介绍了“in-line”位相衬度成象 技术和成象理论.以生物样品为例,说明常规X射线吸收衬底成象与位相衬度成象的差别,并 对X射线源尺寸对成象衬度的影响进行了研究.此外,对吸收衬底象和位相衬度象的关键参量 进行了计算模拟和讨论. 关键词： 位相衬度 成象 硬X射线     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS)测定特硬铅合金中硒和碲

建立了氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS)测定特硬铅合金中硒和碲的分析方法。试样经硝酸和酒石酸溶解,硫酸沉淀分离基体铅元素。移取部分试液,在40%盐酸介质中直接用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS)测定样品中的硒;另移取部分试液,加入氢溴酸挥发除去砷、锑、锡、硒等元素,在40%盐酸介质中用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS)测定样品中的碲。考察了测定的最佳条件、铅及共存元素对测定的影响。测定硒和碲的相对标准偏差分别为7.5%～9.3%和3.6%～13.0%,加标回收率分别为88%～92%和98%～102%。准确度和精密度均能满足分析需要,具有较强的实用性。     

体育场环状悬挑屋盖脉动风压数值模拟

本文提出了预测悬挑屋盖上脉动风压的实用方法,用数值模拟中稳态计算得到的平均压力、平均速度和湍动能的分布计算大跨屋盖的脉动风压。以昆山体育场为例,通过数值模拟的平均压力系数、湍动能分布及脉动风压与风洞实验结果的比较,验证了用数值模拟方法预测环状悬挑屋盖脉动风压的有效性,并建议了需选用的合适湍流模型和参考点的风速。     

磁头/磁盘滑动接触下磁盘温度及热退磁临界条件的研究

采用二维轴对称有限元模型计算磁头/磁盘滑动接触下,铝质磁盘的稳态温度和热应力场以及热退磁临界条件.结果表明:磁盘温度在极短时间内升至摩擦稳态值,然后缓慢线性升高到最终稳态值;经过充分热传导和热交换后磁盘的温度梯度较小,此时磁层内的热应力集中分布于磁盘固定端边缘附近;磁盘的稳态温度和热应力均随速度增大而增大,且载荷越大其值增大越快;热应力小于1.2 GPa时所对应的速度和载荷为安全工况;温升大于373 K时所对应的工况将导致磁盘退磁.     

Perpendicular magnetic recording—Its development and realization—

The principle of conventional magnetic recording is that magnetic fields are applied parallel to the plane of the magnetic medium. As described in this paper, the invention and development of a new method of placing the magnetized information perpendicular to the plane of the magnetic recording medium is presented. The yield in the mass production of high-density hard disk drives (HDDs) for perpendicular recording is much higher than that of HDDs for conventional recording. Consequently, it is estimated that as many as 75% of the 500 million HDDs to be shipped this year will use this technology.