非线性随机动力系统的概率密度演化分析

阐述了基于概率密度演化理论进行多自由度结构非线性随机动力反应分析的基本思想.采用随机过程的正交分解或物理系统建模的思想,实现随机激励的随机函数表述.对由此获得的随机状态方程采用概率密度演化理论求解,可以获得随机动力系统反应的概率密度函数及其演化.以某剪切型框架结构的非线性随机地震反应分析为例,说明了所发展方法的可行性和有效性.     

Further Results on the Proportional Vitalities Model

In contrast to many survival models such as proportional hazard rates and proportional mean residual lives, the proportional vitalities model has also been introduced in the literature. In this paper, further stochastic ordering properties of a dynamic version of the model with a random vitality growth parameter are investigated. Examples are presented to illustrate different established properties of the model. Potentials for inference about the parameters in proportional vitalities model with possibly time-varying effects are also argued and discussed.     

AHP中增加一组元素的严格保序性条件

给出了左主特征向量法（LEM）下增加一组元素严格保序的充要条件,通过研究在右主特征向量法（REM）,左主特征向量法（LEM）,几何平均特征向量法（GMEM）下增加一组元素严格保序的条件之间的关系,从而给出GMEM下增加一组元素严格保序的充分条件。     

MEMS稀薄气体内部流动模拟中的信息保存法

首先综述了处理低速稀薄气体流动的一些方法: 线化Boltzmann方程方法、Lattice Boltzmann方法(LBM)、加滑移边界的Navier-Stokes方程、以及DSMC方法, 并讨论它们在模拟MEMS中过渡领域低速流动特别是内部流动所遇到的困难, 其中表明了LBM现有方案不适合模拟过渡领域中的MEMS流动问题. 信息保存(IP)法通过保存一个模拟分子所代表的大量分子的平均信息,克服了流速低使得信息噪声比小而引起统计模拟的困难. 本文给出了方法的一些理论证实. MEMS中内部流动的特点, 即流速低和大的长宽比的特点, 引起椭圆性问题, 即出入口边界条件相互影响需要协调的问题. 通过对(长约几千微米的)微槽道流动应用IP方法的算例,演示了采用守恒形式的质量守恒方程和超松弛法可成功地解决这一问题. 借助同样的方法,用IP方法求解了真实长度(1\,000\,$\mu$m)硬盘驱动器读写头在过渡领域的薄膜支撑问题, 压力分布与具有严格气体动理论基础的概括化Reynolds方程完全相符, 而在此之前, DSMC方法只对短的读写头(5\,$\mu$m)与Reynolds方程做了校验. 作者建议将原来用于求解读写头润滑问题的Reynolds方程退化来求解过渡领域中的微槽道流动问题, 从而提供了一个有严格气体动理论品性的检验方法来验证求解MEMS内部流动的各种方法.      

Time Evolution of Microbial Composition and Metabolic Profile for Biogenic Amines and Free Amino Acids in a Model Cucumber Fermentation System Brined with 0.5% to 5.0% Sodium Chloride

Salt concentrations in brine and temperature are the major environmental factors that affect activity of microorganisms and, thus may affect formation of biogenic amines (BAs) during the fermentation process. A model system to ferment cucumbers with low salt (0.5%, 1.5% or 5.0% NaCl) at two temperatures (11 or 23 °C) was used to study the ability of indigenous microbiota to produce biogenic amines and metabolize amino acid precursors. Colony counts for presumptive Enterococcus and Enterobacteriaceae increased by 4 and up to 2 log of CFU∙mL⁻¹, respectively, and remained viable for more than 10 days. 16S rRNA sequencing showed that Lactobacillus and Enterobacter were dominant in fermented cucumbers with 0.5% and 1.5% salt concentrations after storage. The initial content of BAs in raw material of 25.44 ± 4.03 mg∙kg⁻¹ fluctuated throughout experiment, but after 6 months there were no significant differences between tested variants. The most abundant BA was putrescine, that reached a maximum concentration of 158.02 ± 25.11 mg∙kg⁻¹. The Biogenic Amines Index (BAI) calculated for all samples was significantly below that needed to induce undesirable effects upon consumption. The highest value was calculated for the 23 °C/5.0% NaCl brine variant after 192 h of fermentation (223.93 ± 54.40). Results presented in this work indicate that possibilities to control spontaneous fermentation by changing salt concentration and temperature to inhibit the formation of BAs are very limited.     

The preservation of Sahlqvist equations in completions of Boolean algebras with operators

Monk [1970] extended the notion of the completion of a Boolean algebra to Boolean algebras with operators. Under the assumption that the operators of such an algebra are completely additive, he showed that the completion of always exists and is unique up to isomorphisms over . Moreover, strictly positive equations are preserved under completions a strictly positive equation that holds in must hold in the completion of . In this paper we extend Monk’s preservation theorem by proving that certain kinds of Sahlqvist equations (as well as some other types of equations and implications) are preserved under completions. An example is given that shows that arbitrary Sahlqvist equations need not be preserved. Received May 3, 1998; accepted in final form October 7, 1998.     

传统古村落的保护与发展--以宁波余姚柿林村为例

针对古村落发展面临的现实和潜在的问题,以四明山腹地宁渡余姚柿林村为例,探讨了古村落在市场经济条件下的管理制度与保护机制．     

酶提取-单颗粒电感耦合等离子质谱法分析樱桃番茄纳米银颗粒及其吸收规律研究

为探究复合保鲜涂膜中AgNPs的迁移情况,采用酶提取的前处理方式,结合单颗粒电感耦合等离子体质谱（SP-ICP-MS）,考察了前处理方式、驻留时间、校准方式以及Ag+浓度等条件对AgNPs准确测定的影响。结果表明：0.1 g樱桃番茄样品在柠檬酸盐体系下使用0.2 g的R-10离析酶可达到消解最适酶剂量;当驻留时间小于100 μs时,测定结果有较好的积分条件以及较高的信背比;采用AgNP尺寸方式进行校准比单独用Ag+标准溶液校准方式的颗粒尺寸测定结果更加准确。采用该方法测定樱桃番茄中加标AgNPs颗粒回收率达到88.9%,粒径实测值为47.8±0.3 nm,粒径检出限为13 nm,颗粒浓度检出限为 7.5×104 particles/L。通过将樱桃番茄暴露于AgNPs涂膜中来探究AgNPs迁移行为,复合保鲜涂膜后的樱桃番茄通过三次洗涤后能够在表面去除大部分AgNPs,但仍有少量AgNPs穿过果表皮浸入果肉组织。该方法灵敏度高,操作简单,能够为揭示AgNPs在农产品及农业生产中的风险提供可靠、准确的表征方法。     

条浒苔多酚对加州鲈鱼冷藏期间品质影响的研究

用4种不同浓度的条浒苔多酚(Enteromorpha clathrata polyphenols, ECPs)溶液处理新鲜加州鲈鱼块后置于4℃贮藏,结合感官评分、菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)、硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)值、肌原纤维蛋白巯基含量、表面疏水性、肌肉色差和质地剖面分析(TPA)等指标,综合评估其对鱼块货架期的影响.结果表明,在4℃贮藏条件下, ECPs处理能有效抑制鲈鱼贮藏期间TVB-N值、TBA值和菌落总数的增加,减缓蛋白氧化和品质劣化进程,从而达到延长货架期的作用.当ECPs浓度为0.20%时,其对鲈鱼鱼块的保鲜效果最佳,能延长鲈鱼货架期6 d.     

How Science Can Contribute to the Remedial Conservation of Cultural Heritage

Colloid science is contributing solutions to counteract the degradation of artifacts, favoring their transfer to future generations. Advanced materials such as nanoparticles, coatings, gels and microemulsions have been assessed in conservation, spanning from archeological sites to modern and contemporary art. We give an overview of the fundamental milestones and latest innovations in conservation science, targeting solutions and tools for remedial conservation based on green nanomaterials and hybrid systems. Future perspectives and outstanding challenges in this exciting field are then outlined.