有机膜对快离子的阻挡实验研究

通过实验研究了有机膜对腔靶快离子的阻挡能力。研究结果表明，厚度在０．６μｍ以上的有机膜对腔靶快离于有很好的阻挡效果。这一结果对于在黑腔靶中建立一个高纯净的内爆Ｘ光辐射场具有重要意义。为满足快离子诊断的要求对法拉第筒结构作了改进。     

二次电子发射对质子束流测量精度的影响

二次电子发射直接影响法拉第探测器测量质子束流的精度,减小或消除二次电子发射的影响是提高束流测量精度的关键。根据二次电子补偿原理设计了二次电子补偿型同轴法拉第探测器,实验发现探测器测量质子束流强度时不能完全实现二次电子补偿。为改进和完善探测器的设计,从理论上分析了补偿片未能完全消除二次电子对束流测量影响的原因,是由于补偿片前向发射二次电子数目大于收集极后向发射二次电子数目所致。为此设计了质子束穿过金属箔发射二次电子测量装置,测量得到能量为5~10MeV质子穿过10μm厚铜箔时前向与后向发射二次电子产额,验证了理论分析的正确性。     

Plastic deformation of a monoclinic Al13Fe4 at 300 ∼ 873 K

The plasticity of monoclinic Al₁₃Fe₄ particles grown in a spray-formed Al–Fe alloy is examined after being submitted to two deformation modes between 300 and 873 K by specially designed semi-in situ compression tests; one is uniform and the other is by indentation. In the uniform mode, cracks propagate through the Al₁₃Fe₄ particles along the pentagonal column planes, leaving extremely thin and heavily deformed plastic zones along the cracked faces at 300 and 473 K. In contrast, the generation of isolated dislocations and their motion govern the plastic deformation at 673 and 873 K. In the indentation mode, local deformation is achieved exclusively by individual dislocations over the whole range of temperature explored. A possible mechanism of dislocation motion in monoclinic Al₁₃Fe₄ is discussed based on Burgers vector analyses coupled with the three-dimensional observation of dislocation configurations.     

Optimization of 4.7-keV X-ray titanium sources driven by 100-ps laser pulses

An experiment with thin titanium foils irradiated by two pulses delayed in time is conducted on the Shenguang-II laser facility.A prepulse induces an underdense plasma,2-ns later a main pulse(λ L = 0.35 μm,E L ≈ 120 J,τ L ≈ 100 ps) is injected into the underdense plasma and produces strong line emission from the titanium K shell(i.e.,He α at 4.7 keV).Data show that the intensity of 4.7-keV X-ray emission with the prepulse is approximately twice more than without the prepulse,and can be used as a backlighting source satisfying the diagnostic requirements for dense plasma probing.Highquality plasma images are obtained with the backlighting 4.7-keV X-rays in a Rayleigh-Taylor hydrodynamic instability experiment.     

Synthesis,characterization, and effect of concentration variation on metal oxide nanostructures

Zinc oxide (ZnO) has been successfully synthesized by an anodization method, and it has been fabricated through anodization method with different concentration of zinc nitrate. The element composition, surface inspection, structural, and morphological features of the products are depend on the concentration of zinc nitrate. At lower concentration (0.01M), SEM image shows ZnO nanowires with average width of about 30 and 50 nm. With increase in the concentration of zinc nitrate from 0.01 to 0.05 M, the nanowires change into the nanosheets with average width of about 0.5 and 1.5 μm. For samples (0.1 M) exhibits nanodots, morphology was composed of hundreds of nanosheets with thickness is about 90 nm on average. When the concentration increases to 0.2 M, the nanodots trench became bigger with diameter about 1.2–2.0 μm. When the concentration of zinc nitrate is 0.3 M, the average diameter of nanodots is about 2–2.5 μm. The trench of nanosheets becomes thinner and shorter, but the number of nanosheets increases with diameter 20–50 nm. The formation of nanowires, nanodots, and nanosheets nanostructures is also believed to result from actions on concentration of zinc nitrate as an aquas medium. The EDX result shows the atomic percentage (at.%) of the oxygen increased when the concentration of zinc nitrate increased. The pattern of EDX indicates that the ZnO nanostructures are composed of Zn, O, and Al. They represent Al composition in the sample because the anode using the aluminum rod during experiment.     

气氛对MnCr2O4尖晶石纳米线生长的影响

建立了一种在氮气和氢气的还原性混合气氛和1100 ℃条件下加热商业不锈钢箔(304)制备MnCr2O4尖晶石纳米线的简单方法, 并研究了不同气氛对纳米线生长的影响. 研究发现, 混合气体中氢气含量的变化会影响纳米线的形貌和产率; 而氧化性气氛(如空气)下则得不到纳米线. 在还原性气氛下, Mn和Cr原子可以和反应室内残留的痕量氧反应生成MnCr2O4尖晶石, 而Fe和Ni原子不能被氧化, 但是Fe和Ni可以起到催化纳米线生长的作用, 纳米线的生长机理属于自催化性的气-液-固(VLS)机制.     

Zn片经水热反应和氟硅烷修饰构建超疏水ZnO表面

以乙二胺为溶剂, Zn片在120、140 及160 ℃经水热反应生长出具有蛋糕形、荷叶乳突状、棒状和仙人球状等微结构的ZnO表面. 扫描电镜研究表明, 反应时间越长越有利于形成完整的微纳米结构, 反应温度较高生成的微纳米结构更规整. 140 ℃反应4 h和160 ℃反应5 h的ZnO表面经过氟硅烷修饰后表现出良好的超疏水性, 与水滴的接触角分别达到154.6°和157.3°, 滚动角分别为5°和3°. 该方法因其操作简便、成本低廉, 在锌表面制备特殊微结构和构建超疏水表面具有潜在的应用.     

复合镀膜在陶瓷颗粒透射电镜分析中的应用

本文介绍了一种对陶瓷颗粒进行透射电镜分析的样品制备方法。采用复合电沉积方法,将陶瓷颗粒均匀分散包埋在金属铜镀层中,得到复合镀层薄膜,再通过电解双喷将薄膜减薄,获得透射电镜样品,从而可以对陶瓷颗粒进行透射电镜观察分析,讨论了获得此种复合镀层薄膜所需的电流密度、镀液pH值、搅拌措施和电镀时间。透射电镜观察分析的结果显示此方法效果良好。     

用于软X射线激光实验的铝衰减膜的测量

对不同方法制备的不同厚度的铝衰减膜,用微机控制α测厚仪测量了膜的质量厚度以及膜厚均匀性,用Auser电子能谱(AES)对铝膜进行了组分的表面和深度分布分析,根据铝KLL Auger特征谱揭示了氧化膜的化学组分并测量了氧化膜厚度随放置时间的变化,还讨论了膜中其它杂质含量的上限。     

A simple technique for laser-induced ablation pressure measurement

A simple method for measuring laser-induced ablation pressure is described. The technique utilizes the well-known double foil concept. In the present experiment the impact times were estimated by monitoring the reflectivity of the impact foil rear. The measurements were performed using a glass laser (1·06 μm wavelength) in the 10¹¹−10¹³ W/cm² irradiance range. Experimental results showed good agreement with those obtained using other techniques as also those with the self-regulating ablation model prediction.