Synthesis,electrolyte properties and solar cell performance of hyperbranched poly(aryl-ether-urea)s

Hyperbranched poly(aryl-ether-urea)s with phenyl, N,N-dimethylamino ethyl and polyethylene oxide end-groups linked through urethane group – HBPEU-1, HBPEU-2 and HBPEU-3 respectively – were synthesized from an AB₂-type blocked isocyanate monomer and characterized by FT-IR, ¹H-NMR, SEC-MALLS, TGA and DSC techniques. The molecular weight of the polymers were found to be ranged from 4.9 × 10³ ? 1.96 × 10⁴ g/mol. The TGA results showed that the polymers decompose between 175°C – 220°C. In the DSC curves, HBPEU-1 and HBPEU-3 showed T_g at 160°C and 53°C respectively, whereas HBPEU-2 did not showed clear T_g. All the three polymers were converted into polymer electrolytes by doping with LiI/I₂. The doped polymers showed remarkably high ionic conductivity, up to 222 – 277 times compared to the un-doped polymers and the highest conductivity was observed with doped HBPEU-2. The TiO₂ based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were fabricated using the doped polymer electrolytes and their performance was tested; HBPEU-2 showed good performance by yielding energy conversion efficiency (η) of 4.5%.     

心脏与血管的相互影响

心脏与血管的相互影响早就引起生理学家们的兴趣，但其在临床医学上的广泛应用则是近几年的事．这主要归功于两大生物力学成就，一是应甩泵功能曲线和时变弹性元描述心脏功能，另一是应用输入阻抗来描述血管功能．本文系统地总结和评述了２０多年来国际上关于心脏与血管相互影响的研究发展概况．     

基于波变量补偿的阻抗匹配时延双边遥操作

通信时延是遥操作系统中固有的问题,它会严重影响遥操作的性能,降低系统的稳定性和跟踪性。基于无源理论的波变量法可以保证遥操作系统在任意时延下稳定,是解决时延问题的一个重要方法。然而,波变量法带来的波反射会阻扰有用信号的传输,降低了主从端信号的跟踪性,严重时甚至会导致整个系统振荡。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于波变量补偿的阻抗匹配双边遥操作系统结构,旨在减少波反射,提高操作者的临场感和系统的跟踪性。通过仿真实验,结果表明所提方法能够保证固定时延条件下遥操作系统的稳定性,并具有较好的跟踪性。     

Protein unfolding studied by fluorescence methods and electrical impedance spectroscopy: the cases of Cratylia mollis and Concanavalin A

This work is dedicated to the investigation of the prevailing molecular interactions between Cratylia mollis (Cramoll) and Concanavalin A (Con A) lectins and ionic (sodium dodecylsulfate, SDS) and non-ionic (Triton X-100, TX-100) surfactants, where we have used electrical impedance spectroscopy to map the dielectric characteristics of mixed lectin/surfactant solutions. The disorder induced in the lectin conformation is proportional to the extent of the access of the surfactant to the fluorophore present in the protein, resulting in its progressive unfolding. The complete unfolding of the lectin is associated to the formation of micelles in the core of the protein, each one of them containing a large number of detergent molecules, and therefore the process can be accompanied by measuring the electrical response of the binary surfactant/lectin system. For instance, the change in the real part of the impedance as a function of the relative concentration of the surfactant in the binary solution exhibits a breaking in its linear behavior that can be taken as indicative of a qualitative change in the environment surrounding the protein residue. We consider these results strong evidence in favor of using impedance spectroscopy methods for the analysis of protein-surfactant associations and for the characterization of the interactions that must prevail when the protein unfolds as the relative surfactant concentration is increased in aqueous solutions of these binary systems.     

Labelless impedance immunosensor based on polypyrrole-pyrolecarboxylic acid copolymer for hCG detection

In this work, a sensitive label-free impedimetric hCG-immunosensor was constructed by using a commercial screen-printing carbon ink electrode (namely disposable electrochemical printed chip) as the basis. The carbon ink electrode of DEP chip is modified first by deposition of polypyrrole-pyrole-2-carboxylic acid copolymer and thence hCG antibody immobilization via the COOH groups of pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid, which can serve as a linker for covalent biomolecular immobilization. The experimental results exposed that the designed immunosensor is more sensitive than other previously reported immunosensors, in the case of detection limit and linear range for antigen detection. With optimal fabrication parameters, the detection limit for α-hCG was 2.3 pg/mL in 10 mM phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution containing 1% bovine serum albumine (BSA). Moreover, the use of inexpensive DEP chip as a basis for these immunosensors will allow for simple instrumentation, disposable and portable at low cost. This work also demonstrates a new approach to develop a sensitive and label-free impedimetric immunosensor based on screen-printed electrode for applications in clinical diagnosis.     

离子液体添加剂[BMIM]HSO4对锌电积过程析氧反应动力学的影响

研究了1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐([BMIM]HSO₄)离子液体对锌电积过程析氧反应的影响. 研究工作借助于动电位极化, 电化学阻抗谱, 扫描电镜和X射线衍射等测试技术. 动电位极化曲线及对应的动力学参数分析表明, [BMIM]HSO₄对阳极析氧反应具有催化作用,可提高析氧反应速率常数. 电化学阻抗谱数据表明,[BMIM]HSO₄能显著降低阳极析氧电荷传递电阻,在所研究的1.85-2.10 V电位范围内添加5 mg·L^-1 [BMIM]HSO₄, 电阻值至少降低50%. 此外, 添加剂对阳极表面二次反应具有抑制作用, 其在阳极表面的吸附,阻碍了阴离子的阳极活化位点吸附过程. 电化学测试结果与长时间(120 h)阳极极化后所得阳极表面形貌和结晶取向分析结果相一致. [BMIM]HSO₄的添加能有效抑制中间产物β-PbO₂的形成,促进铅银电极表面大块且疏松多孔α-PbO₂的生成,加速阳极析氧的进行.     

Investigation on Semi-conductive Properties of Hot Growth Film on 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel

The semi-conductive performances of hot growth film on 316L stainless steel were studied by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) and Mott-Schottky analysis.The chemical compositions of the hot growth films were detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The results show that the transfer resistance and film resistance increase with increasing temperature to 400℃,then they decrease sharply with further continuously increasing temperature.Formation time plays an important role in determ...     

中温固体氧化物燃料电池LaNi0.6Fe0.4O3-δ阴极材料的制备及性能表征

以硝酸镧、硝酸镍和硝酸铁为原料,柠檬酸作燃料低温燃烧合成固体氧化物燃料电池阴极材料LaNi0.6Fe0.4O3-δ.X射线衍射（XRD）图谱显示,600℃煅烧可形成单一的LaNi0.6 Fe0.4 O3-δ钙钛矿相.电子显微镜（TEM和SEM）照片看出,其颗粒尺寸〈100 nm.电池交流阻抗谱图表明,在1050℃烧结制...     

Comparison of Planar and 3‐D Interdigitated Electrodes as Electrochemical Impedance Biosensors

It has been reported that the introduction of a dielectric barrier between adjacent digits of an interdigitated electrode array can improve the sensitivity of the array as an electrochemical impedance biosensor. Here we present an in‐depth analysis of the impedance in planar interdigitated electrodes and 3‐D interdigitated electrodes (with dielectric barriers). The analysis indicates that the planar geometry not only provides lower impedance but also a higher change impedance as a result of molecular immobilization on the electrode array surface.     

介电高弹聚合物理论

软材料受刺激会发生变形, 该变形会引起相应的功能, 这种材料称为活性软材料(soft active material, SAM). 本综述主要讨论介电高弹聚合物这一类活性软材料. 当介电高弹聚合物薄膜受到厚度方向的电压作用时, 薄膜厚度减小同时面积增大, 可导致超过100{\%}的应变. 介电高弹聚合物作为转换器被广泛应用, 包括柔性机器人、智能光学器件、盲文显示屏、发电机等. 本文综述了建立在连续介质力学和热力学框架内的、并且基于分子理论描述和经验观测的介电高弹聚合物理论. 该理论耦合了大变形和电势, 描述了非线性和非平衡行为, 如力电失稳和黏弹性. 采用该理论能够通过有限元方法模拟实际构型的转换器, 计算力电能量转换的效率, 给出电致大变形的可行途径. 该理论有助于材料和器件设计.