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951.
The rotary motion of the F0 part of the F0F1-ATPase motor that synthesizes the ATP molecules used by the intracellular stepping motors, such as kinesins, is modeled within a stochastically fluctuating medium via the application of the Langevin dynamics wherein the random intramembrane fluctuations are represented by a white noise. We have investigated the influence of an applied electric field and an applied electric current on this rotary motion, and the subsequent production rate of the ATP molecules. It is seen that the application of a field, or a current, changes both the elastic behavior of the cell membrane and the transmembrane potential. These changes in turn transform the dynamics of the F0 part of the motor. We have found that at low fields, the role of transmembrane potential becomes significant in the production rate of the ATP molecules, whereas at high fields the changes induced in the surface tension of the membrane also contribute to the production rate of the ATP. 相似文献
952.
Roman Efremov Pavel Volynsky Dmitry Nolde Gérard Vergoten Alexander Arseniev 《Theoretical chemistry accounts》2001,106(1-2):48-54
A heterogeneous implicit membrane-mimetic model is applied to simulations of membrane proteins. The model employs atomic
solvation parameters for gas–water and gas–cyclohexane transfer. It is used to analyze structure, energetics, and orientation
with respect to the bilayer of two polypeptides with different modes of membrane binding – hydrophobic segment of human glycophorin
A (GpA) and cytotoxin II from Naja naja oxiana snake venom (CTX). The native state of GpA represents a transmembrane (TM) α helix, while CTX is a water-soluble protein,
which is able to interact with the cell membrane. The conformational space of the polypeptides was explored in Monte Carlo
simulations. The results show that the most stable conformers of GpA represent a TM α helix. They are additionally stabilized
by an applied TM voltage. The results also show that CTX inserts with its three loops, does not cross the hydrophobic layer,
and stays partially immersed in the membrane. This agrees well with the experimental data, thus confirming the validity of
the solvation model.
Received: 13 June 2000 / Accepted: 15 September 2000 / Published online: 19 January 2001 相似文献
953.
均匀带电圆盘的静电势问题 总被引:12,自引:7,他引:5
讨论了均匀带电圆盘静电势问题的两种解法,即延拓法和方程法,澄清了延拓法求解中的一些错误。 相似文献
954.
The electronic structure and the electron dynamics of the clean InAs(1 1 1)A 2 × 2 and the InAs(1 1 1)B 1 × 1 surfaces have been studied by laser pump-and-probe photoemission spectroscopy. Normally unpopulated electron states above the valence band maximum (VBM) are filled on the InAs(1 1 1)A surface due to the conduction band pinning above the Fermi level (EF). Accompanied by the downward band banding alignment, a charge accumulation layer is confined to the surface region creating a two dimensional electron gas (2DEG). The decay of the photoexcited carriers above the conduction band minimum (CBM) is originated by bulk states affected by the presence of the surface. No occupied states were found on the InAs(1 1 1)B 1 × 1 surface. This fact is suggested to be due to the surface stabilisation by the charge removal from the surface into the bulk. The weak photoemission intensity above the VBM on the (1 1 1)B surface is attributed to electron states trapped by surface defects. The fast decay of the photoexcited electron states on the (1 1 1)A and the (1 1 1)B surfaces was found to be τ1 1 1 A ? 5 ps and τ1 1 1 B ? 4 ps, respectively. We suggest the diffusion of the hot electrons into the bulk is the decay mechanism. 相似文献
955.
为充分利用太阳光的短波部分,将AlxGa1-xAs设计为电池的又一个光伏工作层,并引入固定负电荷,建立界面感应势垒,形成MIp -AlGaAs感应结,有效降低界面对光生电子的复合。以制作工艺简单的p -AlGaAs/p-GaAs界面,将感应结与p/n-GaAs部分连接起来,构成新型高效率复合结构MIp -Al0.3Ga0.7As/p-n-n -GaAs太阳电池。其I-V特性理论研究绐果表明,选择合适的负电荷面密度数和Al0.3Ga0.7As层的掺杂浓度,即:建立合适高度的感应势垒,可显著降低界面复合速度近8个数量级。优化设计得到的整个电池的效率为31.5%,较传统的窗口层电池有明显提高。 相似文献
956.
K. Sreejith 《Applied Surface Science》2005,252(2):321-329
Carbon nitride (CNx) films were deposited from acetonitrile at low voltage (150-450 V) through electrodeposition. The films were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. AFM investigations revealed that the grain size was ∼200 nm and roughness was ∼10 nm. The films were found to be continuous and close packed. IR spectra revealed existence of strong sp3, sp2 type bonding and weak sp type carbon nitrogen bonds and these bonds were found to increase with voltage. The fraction of sp3-bonded species in the sample increased in low voltage range and after reaching maximum at 350 V, decreased for higher voltages. However, the concentration of sp2 CN ring structures in the film increased with increasing voltage. Also, the peak width decreased at low voltages reaching a minimum and increased thereafter. It was observed that the voltage dependent increase in the concentration of polymeric type sp2 CN (chain) structures was much more pronounced than that of graphitic type sp2 CN (ring) structures. Raman spectra showed the presence of both the D and G bands. The shift in the G band indicated the presence of nitrogen in the film. The ID/IG ratio was found to increase with the incorporation of nitrogen. Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) showed a clear increase in the nitrogen content with increase in the voltage. The formation of the film could be explained on the basis of dissociation of electrolyte under applied voltage. 相似文献
957.
尝试用Woods-Saxon形式的光学势来分析K原子,通过拟合一系列K原子数据,得到了一套最佳光学势参数. 把得到的这套光学势和前人的其它几种光学势在接近核表面处作了比较,发现他们彼此符合得很好. 另外,与核子-核势相比较,对于虚部势,K-核的Woods-Saxon势与核子-核的很相似,但是对于实部,K-核势要更深更窄一些. 相似文献
958.
Tongtao Wang Caishun Lin Feng Ye Yong Fang Jingjing Li Xindong Wang 《Electrochemistry communications》2008,10(9):1261-1263
Methanol permeation is one of the key problems for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) applications. It is necessary to change the structure of the cathode of membrane electrode assembly (MEA). Therefore, a novel MEA with double-layered catalyst cathode was prepared in this paper. The double-layered catalyst consists of PtRu black as inner catalyst layer and Pt black as outer catalyst layer. The inner catalyst layer is prepared for oxidation of the methanol permeated from anode. The results indicate that this double-layered catalyst reduced the effects of methanol crossover and assimilated mixed potential losses. The performance of MEA with double-layered catalyst cathode was 52.2 mW cm−2, which was a remarkable improvement compared with the performance of MEA with traditional cathode. The key factor responsible for the improved performance is the optimization of the electrode structure. 相似文献
959.
K. Wang P. Donnadieu P. Garoche 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2000,13(2):279-287
We report on grain growth and related structure change in single phased Al-Li-Cu quasicrystals. The icosahedral phase grains
have been investigated using scanning ion microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Regular boundaries between large
grains have been observed both before and after high temperature annealing. The electron diffraction study shows that the
grain growth is accompanied by a reduction of the phason-strains. The orientation relation between grains sets the 2-fold
icosahedral axes parallel, and the coincidence of the planes depends on the phason strain-field. The effect of phason-strain
field on these boundaries is discussed. It is proposed that the phason strain elimination can play a role in the grain growth.
Received 1 February 1999 and Received in final form 12 May 1999 相似文献
960.
R. A. Manzhos B. I. Podlovchenko Yu. M. Maksimov 《Russian Journal of Electrochemistry》2007,43(11):1268-1272
Open-circuit potential transients are measured under the conditions of methanol interaction with the pre-adsorbed oxygen at platinized platinum electrode. The time necessary for complete removal of the adsorbed oxygen monolayer appeared being shorter by a factor of ~1.5 as compared with smooth polycrystalline platinum. The dependence of platinum surface coverage with adsorbed oxygen on the potential during its decay is found. It was shown that the reaction of methanol with the adsorbed oxygen is most slow at a high coverage (1–0.8). It is suggested that at these coverages, like the case of polycrystalline platinum, the adsorbed oxygen directly interacts with the methanol molecules from the solution. At moderate coverages (0.8–0.2), the reaction of the adsorbed oxygen with methanol at the platinized platinum is better described by the “conjugated reactions” mechanism. The specific rates of the methanol dissociative adsorption at the platinized platinum turned out to be close to those observed earlier for the polycrystalline platinum. 相似文献